In search of the Alanian genetic heritage. Genetic history of the North Caucasus.
#Alans appear in the North Caucasus at the beginning of the first millennium AD. e. and are mentioned in ancient Roman sources from the 1st century, and in the second half of the 2nd century. n. e. A fully developed Alanian archaeological culture has been noted, which includes both ceramic and burial complexes, and the appearance in the plain and foothill part of the Central and North-Eastern Caucasus of a significant number of large (from 0.5 to 1.2 km2) settlements with a complex structure and clearly dedicated citadel. Favorable climatic conditions are an important reason for the flowering of culture. The high yield of grain crops and the increase in the number of livestock contributed to the growth of the population and its density (incommensurable with other periods of the ancient and medieval history of the region), as well as the emergence of urban-type centers with developed crafts. This led to the spread of the carriers of the Alanian culture over vast territories, in parallel with the accumulation of significant differences from the original cultural variants as they moved away from the “mother country”. At the end of IV-V centuries. n. e. the events of the beginning of the era of the Great Migration of Nations and the aridity of the climate, intensifying by the 7th century. n. e., led to the gradual disappearance of urban-type Alanian monuments on the plains. At the same time, the population moved to the mountainous and foothill zones, as well as to the territory of the Middle Don. Chronologically, the Alanian culture can be traced back to the Golden Horde time at the beginning of the 13th century. After that, the descendants of the Alans survived in the mountainous regions, whose language is believed to have been inherited by modern Ossetians. The defeat of the Alans by the Golden Horde, in turn, contributed to the advance of the Adyghe tribes to the vast expanses of the Central Caucasus in the XII-XIV centuries.
In this paper, the analysis of the modern population of the Caucasus on a very large genome-wide panel, 4.5 million markers, was carried out in order to search for the genetic heritage of the Alans among the Ossetians, Balkars, Karachays, Ingush and Chechens. Because it was these peoples, living in the main area of the Alanian tribes, that could preserve in their gene pools some genetic heritage of the Alans.
#archaeology #genetics #gene pool #history #science #Caucasus
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Source: Balanovskaya E.V., Agdzhoyan Anastasia T., Gorin I.O., Petrushenko V.S., Pylev V.Yu., Kulemin N.A., Markina N.V., Cherkasov N.A., Koshel S.M., Agdzhoyan Anna T., Pocheshkhova E.A. In search of the Alan trace: the genetic history of the North Caucasus according to genome-wide data on the autosomal gene pool. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Series XXIII. Anthropology, 2022; 3/2022; With. 48-62 (Published: September 15, 2022) DOI: 10.32521/2074-8132.2022.3.048-062
Content:
00:00 Entry
4:58 Results
5:47 "Abkhaz-Adyghe" ancestral component
7:08 "Ossetian" ancestral component
7:44 "Karachay-Nogai" ancestral component
8:18 "Nakh" ancestral component
8:56 "Dagestan" ancestral component
9:23 "Steppe" ancestral component
10:02 "Georgian" ancestral component
10:18 Ancestral component "Farsi"
10:35 "Yagnob" ancestral component
11:06 "Private Nogai" ancestral component
11:34 "Slavic" ancestral component
12:02 Discussion
17:46 Conclusion
Illustrations:
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Alexander Baydukov. 95682123
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