Genetic history of North Asia, new data from Altai to Primorye and Kamchatka
Siberia occupies a significant part of Eurasia, from the Urals to the Pacific Ocean. And the easternmost part of the region, thanks to Beringia, connected Eurasia with North America. Since the Upper Paleolithic, people with different genetic origins have lived and mixed in this vast territory. To date, Sayano-Altai is represented by the genomes of people from the sites of Afontov Mountain of the Upper Paleolithic, near modern Krasnoyarsk, about 17 thousand years old. With an ancestral component typical of the ancient Northern Eurasians (ANE) by autosomal genome, which in the past was widespread in the tundra steppe. But after the period of life of the representatives of Mount Athos, there was no information about the genetic profile of people who lived within the Altai-Sayan mountain country for almost 120 centuries. Although at that time hunter-gatherer groups of neighboring regions demonstrated different ancestral composition, which raises questions about their movements and connections. In particular, the populations of Western Siberia show a significant proportion of the autosomal component of the ancient Northern Eurasians (ANE), while their contemporaries from Eastern Siberia carried a significant proportion of the components of the ancient Northeast Asians (ANA), as in representatives of the Neolithic from the Devil's Gate cave in Primorye, about 6700 years old. Previously, the westernmost presence of this ancestral component was recorded in the area of Lake Baikal 7,500 years ago and in Central Mongolia 5,600 years ago. And the third, the Paleosibirsk autosomal ancestral component, was determined in an ancient inhabitant of Ust-Kyakhta (UKY) of Transbaikalia, aged about 14 thousand years, and in an inhabitant of the Duvan Yar in the lower reaches of the Kolyma River (Kolyma_M), aged 9800 years. This component connects the ancient inhabitants of Siberia with Native Americans. However, the details of how people with these different ancestral lines interacted with each other and how they are related to subsequent populations of Northern Asia are not completely clear, so any new data are of great interest. In this work, the authors obtained genome-wide data of six hunter-gatherers from four archaeological sites of Sayano-Altai, covering the period from 7.5 to 5.5 thousand years ago, as well as a hunter-gatherer from the Bat Cave in the Far East of Russia, northwest of Nakhodka, aged 7 thousand years and three less ancient inhabitants of Kamchatka with uncalibrated dates that place them in the interval between the XII and XVII centuries of our era, the effect of the sea reservoir does not allow to determine more precisely. #History #anthropology #anthropogenesis #Siberia #science #archeology #paleogenetics
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Source: Ke Wang et al. Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia // Current Biology. 2023. 33, 1–11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2022.11...
Some exterior reconstructions from the site https://www.ancestralwhispers.org/rec...
Special thanks to them for that!
Content:
00:00 Introduction
03:02 Distinctive gene pool of Altai Neolithic hunter-gatherers (beginning)
06:50 Firsovo-XI
08:17 Novoaltaysk-Fork
09:29 Tuzov Hills-I
10:48 Anthropology
12:29 Nizhnetytkeskenskaya Cave-1 (shaman)
14:18 Distinctive gene pool of Altai Neolithic hunter-gatherers (continued)
19:10 Genetic contribution of Altai hunter-gatherers to neighboring and later populations
25:13 Ancestry of ancient Northeast Asians from the Far East to Altai
27:58 Continuous or repetitive gene flow through the Bering Sea
31:56 Results
Some illustrations and videos:
Ludvig14 View of Katun river from Oroktoysky Bridge, Altai Republic, Russia commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:OroktoyskyBridge_3095.webm Evgeny Paletsky - commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9085481 TATIANA IVANOVA - commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39977832 Victor Gabyshev - commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=58474309
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