Genetic origin of the world’s first farmers of Southwest Asia and Europe
The Neolithic Revolution in Western Eurasia and related processes led not only to settled life and food production, but also to the emergence in Europe of new people, different from the previous ones, with their own material culture and customs, about 8600 years ago. The origins of these processes were noted in Southwest Asia ≈11,700 years ago, where plants and animals were first domesticated.
The authors of the new work set out to reconstruct the origins of the early farmers of Southwest Asia and Europe, as well as the processes that contributed to their difference from hunters and gatherers.
DNA has been extracted from remains found within some of the most important early Holocene archaeological sites in Europe and Anatolia, including the first agricultural settlements in the Aegean (Barchin Höyük, Aktopraklik and Nea Nicomedia). Mesolithic and Neolithic sites in the area of the Iron Gates and other areas of the Central Balkans (Lepenski Vir, Vlasac, Starchevo and Vinca Belo Brdo). As well as the oldest cemeteries or mass grave sites in early Neolithic Central Europe.
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Source:
The genetic origins of the world's first farmers
Nina Marchi, Laura Winkelbach, Ilektra Schulz, Maxime Brami, Zuzana Hofmanová, Jens Blöcher, Carlos S. Reyna-Blanco, Yoan Diekmann, Alexandre Thiéry et al https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2022.0...
Additional:
Archaeogenomic analysis of the first steps of Neolithization in Anatolia and the Aegean. Gülşah Merve Kılınç, Dilek Koptekin, Çiğdem Atakuman et al
Lazaridis, I., Nadel, D., Rollefson, G. et al. Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East. doi.org/10.1038/nature19310
Feldman, M., Fernández-Domínguez, E., et al. Late Pleistocene human genome suggests a local origin for the first farmers of central Anatolia. oi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-09209-7
The Demographic Development of the First Farmers in Anatolia. Gülşah Merve Kılınç, Ayça Omrak, Füsun Özer et al doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.07.057
Inferring Population Histories for Ancient Genomes Using Genome-Wide Genealogies. Leo Speidel, Lara Cassidy, Robert W Davies, Garrett Hellenthal, doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab174
Jones, E., Gonzalez-Fortes, G., et al. Upper Palaeolithic genomes reveal deep roots of modern Eurasians. doi.org/10.1038/ncomms9912
Population and Settlement Dynamics from the Gravettian to the Magdalenian Andreas Maier
Gronenborn/Horejs/Börner/Ober 2021.2 (RGZM/ÖAI). The version 2021.2 has not yet been published by us.
Content:
00:00 Entry
4:51 Results. Genetic structure and similarities of ancient people
06:14 Demographic modeling using genetic information
07:06 All Western early farmers have distant common ancestors with Caucasian hunters and gatherers
8:31 Ancestors of early Anatolian and European farmers mixed with Western hunter-gatherers twice
09:35 Separation of Anatolian and Aegean farmers
10:52 Gradual demic diffusion of Neolithic farmers to Central Europe
11:46 Division between Western European hunter-gatherers and the ancestors of early Iranian farmers
12:55 Reducing the diversity of European hunters and gatherers
13:59 Correspondence of actual data with models
14:49 Results. European hunter-gatherer split caused by the maximum of the last glaciation
16:19 Connection of ancestors of early farmers with Caucasian hunters and gatherers
17:00 What led to the difference between early farmers and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers and their ancestral populations
18:44 Spatial interpretation of population division
19:17 Structuring and division of hunter-gatherers caused by the maximum of the last glaciation
21:15 Increasing diversity and admixture since the last glacial maximum
22:02 Separation of Anatolian and Aegean farmers
24:19 Neolithic expansion occurred as a result of a mixture of cultural and demic diffusion
25:18 Conclusions
Illustrations commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=(number from the list)
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Wolfgang Sauber 75853662, 45133147, 7260399, 45133148
Dosseman 116258969, 116258973, 116257459, 116257467
Rob Hurson 35546055
Martijn vdS from The Netherlands - Bronstijd 69853444
Staff Museo Civico di Modena 102395528
Parque Keu Ken 50583599
Murat Ozsoy 1958 91011952, 91011932
Shiftetelli 103236290
PictureObelix 35756827
Elelicht 22743701
Pedro38 5403278
Ingeborg Simon 64721872
Rino ap Codkelden 18364578
10015667
MM 29823064
kpisimon 22722033
michael gunther 33408291
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