The Teutonic Wars: A Battle for Control in Medieval Europe
The Teutonic Wars (1230–1525) were a series of military conflicts involving the Teutonic Order, a German Roman Catholic military order, primarily against the pagan tribes in the Baltic region, including the Prussians, Lithuanians, and later, the Poles. Initially, the Teutonic Knights aimed to Christianize the region and establish a monastic state. They gained control over Prussia and expanded into Livonia, Estonia, and Lithuania. The wars also included significant conflicts with Poland and Lithuania, most notably the Battle of Grunwald (1410), where the Teutonic Order suffered a major defeat. The wars ended with the Prussian Homage in 1525, where the Grand Master of the Teutonic Order, Albert of Brandenburg, secularized the Order's territory, converting Prussia into a duchy under Polish suzerainty. This marked the decline of the Teutonic Order as a military and political power in Europe.
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