Overview of Antibiotics, Antifungal & Antiretroviral Agents and their significance and Examples
What are Antibiotics?
Antibiotics are substances that kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. They are essential for treating bacterial infections, which can be life-threatening.
Antibiotics are classified into two main categories: narrow-spectrum and broad-spectrum.
Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a specific type of bacteria, while broad-spectrum antibiotics are effective against a wide range of bacteria.
Significance of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections:
Antibiotics are one of the most important medical advances of the 20th century. They have saved countless lives and made it possible to treat many bacterial infections that were previously fatal.
Antibiotics are used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections, including:
• Pneumonia
• Urinary tract infections
• Strep throat
• Ear infections
• Meningitis
• Skin infections
• Sexually transmitted infections
• Tuberculosis
• Anthrax
• Plague
Narrow-spectrum vs. broad-spectrum antibiotics:
The choice of antibiotic depends on the type of bacterial infection and the severity of the infection. Narrow-spectrum antibiotics are generally preferred over broad-spectrum antibiotics because they are less likely to cause side effects and contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. However, broad-spectrum antibiotics may be necessary in some cases, such as when the type of bacteria causing the infection is unknown or when the infection is severe.
Examples of narrow-spectrum antibiotics:
• Penicillin
• Cephalosporins
• Tetracyclines
• Aminoglycosides
Examples of broad-spectrum antibiotics:
• Fluoroquinolones
• Carbapenems
• Glycopeptides
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