Statistical Mechanics - B E Statistics : Landau Theory of Liquid Helium II - Occupation Number
According to Landau, liquid He II is a background fluid or superfluid in which excitations move. Any low excited state of a system can be regarded as an assembly of elementary excitations which behave as quasi particles. At low momentum, the excitations are the phonons or quantized sound waves and at high momentum the excitations are quantized classical vortex motion, called rotons. The liquid helium is regarded as a mixture of two ideal gases-a phonon gas and a roton gas.
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