Prokaryotic fission and Prokaryotic conjugation Animation
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Reproduction by prokaryotic fission, a cell division mechanism.
The parental cell shown here has one circular chromosome. It is attached at a single point to the plasma membrane.
Prokaryotic fission begins as the parent cell replicates its DNA. At this point it has two DNA molecules attached to the plasma membrane at adjacent sites.
Membrane growth between the attachment sites moves the two DNA molecules apart. New cell-wall material is added above the membrane.
Eventually, the membrane and cell-wall materials grow through the cell midsection and divide the cytoplasm. This completes the formation of two genetically equivalent daughter cells.
Bacterial conjugation. A conjugation tube has already formed between a donor and a recipient cell. For clarity, the plasmid's size is shown greatly increased and the bacterial chromosome is not shown.
An enzyme nicks the plasmid, breaking one strand of the DNA helix.
DNA replication begins at the site of the nick. The displaced DNA strand moves through the tube and into the recipient cell.
In the recipient's cell, the plasmid DNA is replicated and forms a circle.
When conjugation is complete, the cells separate. Both cells are now capable of transferring a plasmid.
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