Disruptive selection among Butterfly/ African finches - Animation
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Disruptive selection, using phenotypic variation within a population of butterflies as an example.
Imagine a butterfly population that shows continuous variation in wing color.
Suppose there is a shift in the environment, so that intermediate forms are selected against.
Over time, if the environmental pressure remains constant, the extreme forms will become more common.
Eventually, intermediate phenotypes may disappear from the population entirely.
Two African finches (Pyrenestes ostrinus) showing the variation in bill size within this species. How disruptive selection maintains certain bill sizes.
Feeding trials with African finches showed that birds with large bills are better at opening hard seeds. Small-billed birds are better at using soft seeds.
This bar diagram shows the distribution of bill size among African-finch nestlings. These birds hatched and matured during the rainy season.
During this period, plenty of soft seeds were available, giving the small-billed birds a competitive advantage.
During the dry season, food supplies dwindle and competition becomes intense.
Soft seeds become rare, and birds with very small, very large, or intermediate-sized bills are at a competitive disadvantage.
As the graph shows, many don't survive.
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