The Role of the Dentate Gyrus in Spatial Navigation, Pattern Completion & Separation, and Mood
In this video, I will be covering the functions of the Dentate Gyrus, such as spatial navigation, pattern seperation & completion, and mediating mood and behaviour. By learning what the role of the Dentate Gyrus is, you will also learn what some of the fuctions of the hippocampus is, given that the Dentate Gyrus is a part of the hippocampus. | Buy some running shoes https://amzn.to/2NuyhJp, because aerobic exercise improves hippocampal function: http://www.pnas.org/content/108/7/3017 | Learn More About the Dentate Gyrus: https://therevisionist.org/reviews/ex...
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The Dentate Gyrus & Spatial Navigation
"This article reviews evidence from studies employing colchicine-induced granule cell loss in the adult rat brain, and irradiation-induced hypoplasia of the neonatal dentate gyrus, on the performance of spatial and non-spatial behavioral tasks. The general picture emerging from this analysis reveals that the dentate gyrus granule cells are critically involved in spatial behavior, particularly when this requires the adoption of place strategies. This notion also provides an explanation for the behavioral effects of dentate gyrus granule cell loss seen in apparently non-spatial tasks." https://www.sciencedirect.com/science...
The Dentate Gyrus Function in Pattern Seperation & Pattern Completion
"Adult-born granule cells (GCs), a minor population of cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, are highly active during the first few weeks following functional integration into the neuronal network (young GCs), distinguishing them from less active older adult-born GCs and the major population of dentate GCs generated developmentally (together, old GCs). We created a transgenic mouse in which output of old GCs was specifically inhibited while leaving a substantial portion of young GCs intact. These mice exhibited enhanced or normal pattern separation between similar contexts that was reduced following removal of young GCs by X-ray irradiation. Furthermore, mutant mice exhibited deficits in rapid pattern completion. Therefore, pattern separation of similar contexts requires adult-born young GCs while old GCs are unnecessary, whereas older GCs contribute to the rapid recall by pattern completion. Our data suggest that as adult-born GCs age, their function switches from pattern separation to rapid pattern completion." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus.
"Exposure to an enriched environment increases neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rodents. Environmental enrichment, however, typically consists of many components, such as expanded learning opportunities, increased social interaction, more physical activity and larger housing. We attempted to separate components by assigning adult mice to various conditions: water-maze learning (learner), swim-time-yoked control (swimmer), voluntary wheel running (runner), and enriched (enriched) and standard housing (control) groups. Neither maze training nor yoked swimming had any effect on bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cell number. However, running doubled the number of surviving newborn cells, in amounts similar to enrichment conditions. Our findings demonstrate that voluntary exercise is sufficient for enhanced neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus." https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1...
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