Myofascial pain syndrome
Definition: Painful regional syndrome characterized by active trigger points in skeletal muscles
Main feature: Palpable taut bands with radiating pain.
Trigger points:
Felt as palpable taut bands
Induce pain when manipulated
May cause twitch response
Pain pattern: Localized to single muscle or region
Referred pain to specific zones when trigger points are palpated
Diagnosis:
Spot tenderness in taut band
Pain recognition by patient when tender nodule is pressed
Possible limitation in passive range of motion
EMG: Spontaneous electrical activity in tender nodule
Management:
Cold spray application followed by gentle massage and muscle stretching
Trigger point injections (local anesthetic or dry needling)
Physical therapy (posture improvement, body mechanics, relaxation techniques, massage)
Botulinum toxin injections (results inconsistent)
Differentiation: Contrast with fibromyalgia, which presents with widespread pain and multiple tender points
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