Statistical Mechanics - B-E Statistics : Liquid Helium II / The Lambda Transition
Helium has two isotopes,He3 and He 4 . He 3 is a fermion while He 4 is a boson. A remarkable property of the two helium isotopes is that they remain liquids, that is, don’t solidify, probably down to absolute zero of temperature, under atmospheric pressure. To solidify it requires an external pressure of at least 25 atm. The peculiar property of He 4 is that it has two liquid phases, Hei and He II. He I is a normal liquid while He II exhibits superfluid behavior. The transition from the liquid He I to the liquid He II is called “ Lambda “ transition.
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