Why does no country recognize Somaliland?
Somaliland broke away from Somalia in 1991 and declared itself independent, but since then, not a single country has recognized it.
But why does Somaliland want to break away in the first place?
Well, during the colonial era, Somalia was divided into an Italian part and a British part, which were managed very differently. The two parts even became independent on different days. Somaliland was actually a completely independent country for 5 days until it merged with the Italian part.
However, Somaliland soon felt neglected by the central government in Mogadishu, so when the Somali civil war erupted, Somaliland used the chance to break away and declared itself independent. The central government didn't agree with this but also wasn't able to stop it from happening.
Since then, Somaliland has been a functioning and relatively safe democracy, which one cannot say about the rest of Somalia.
Furthermore, it has all the necessary qualifications for statehood: a permanent population, a defined territory, and a government.
But still, no country on earth recognizes it. But why?
Well, the first step for any African country that wants to be independent is to be recognized by the African Union, which, however, does not want to do that because of two reasons:
Firstly, the African Union wants both parts of the country that is being split to agree. Somalia, however, doesn't want to give its consent to Somaliland's independence.
Secondly, the union doesn't want to encourage these kinds of secession movements that could trigger other conflicts to stir up on the continent.
And, the countries outside of Africa generally choose to align themselves with the African Union when making decisions of this kind.
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