Mongol invasion of Russia (1223-1480)| How Russia finally CRUSHED the Mongols (FULL PARTS)
Mongol invasion of Russia (1223-1480)| How Russia finally CRUSHED the Mongols (FULL PARTS)
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Mongol invasion of Russia (1223-1480)| How Russia finally CRUSHED the Mongols (FULL PARTS). For over two centuries, Russia lived under the harsh rule of the Mongol Empire, enduring brutal raids and heavy tributes. However, this very period forced Russia to learn and adapt, transforming itself from a collection of weak principalities into a military force capable of standing its ground and pushing back its enemies.
After the disaster at Kalka, where disorganization was clear, Rus' leaders realized they needed to come together and rethink their military approach. By the time of Kulikovo, they had set up a unified command, used the terrain to their advantage, and adapted their cavalry tactics, showing real growth in their military skills.
Mongol invasion of Russia (1223-1480)| How Russia finally CRUSHED the Mongols (FULL PARTS). Then came Ugra, where the Rus' showcased their development into a cohesive fighting force. They used psychological tactics and smart positioning, focusing on strategy rather than brute strength. This shift helped them win through clever maneuvers instead of direct fighting, marking a new chapter in their history and solidifying their resilience.
And now, let’s dive into this incredible journey together as we explore these legendary battles!
Mongol invasion of Russia (1223-1480)| How Russia finally CRUSHED the Mongols (FULL PARTS).First one, it’s the Battle of Kalka marked the first major confrontation between the Rus’ and the Mongols
The commanders, particularly Prince Mstislav of Galicia, were eager to press on. He assumed that their enemy was no more dangerous than the Cumans they had dealt with before. However, other leaders, like Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev, urged caution, warning against chasing an enemy they didn’t fully understand into the vast, unknown steppes. Despite this, the majority favored continuing the pursuit, following the Mongols’ tracks without sending out an advance reconnaissance unit, believing they had the Mongols on the run.
The Mongols, led by Subutai and Jebe, continued to retreat. Their goal was to exhaust the coalition army, separate them from their supply lines, and lure them far from familiar terrain. For about nine days, the Mongols lured the Rus and Cuman forces deeper into the steppe, leading them towards the eventual site of the banks of the Kalka River on May 31, 1223.
Here, the Mongols had prepared an ambush. Subutai and Jebe had strategically placed their forces: part of the Mongol army was lying in wait, hidden in the forests on the far side of the river. Another group was positioned further downstream, ready to spring their trap when the time came. Behind them, they had their reserve forces ready to back up the ambush.
The Cumans, who were the most eager to chase after those supposedly retreating Mongols, were the first to cross the Kalka. They were followed by Mstislav of Galicia and his forces, and close behind them was Mstislav Svyatoslavich of Chernigov with his men. The allied army marched in four divisions. The Cumans, acting as the vanguard and flank guard, led the way, while the main body of the army consisted of the Galicians and troops from Chernigov. Meanwhile, Mstislav Romanovich of Kiev, more cautious and concerned about the rapid advance, kept his army on the opposite bank, reluctant to push forward until the situation was clearer.
Once across the river, the Cumans quickly overwhelmed the Mongol outposts, forcing them to scatter in multiple directions. This small victory fired up the Cumans, and they, being as impulsive as ever, rushed forward in pursuit. The men from Kiev and Chernigov started making their way across, but by that point, half of the Russian-Cuman army was already on the far side. Subutai just waited patiently. He knew the time to strike was near, and he let the gaps between the divisions of the allied army widen.
15:52 Battle of the Kalka River (1223) | Subutai and Jebe Vs Mstislav III
When just about half of the allied army had crossed the river, Subutai sprang the trap. He ordered his men to attack from all sides. Jebe led a charge from the north, while the Mongol left wing attacked from the south. Them Mongol horse archers and cavalry, hiding in the forests and along the river, poured out, closing the encirclement of the Cumans and the forward Russian forces.
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