How Do Combination Locks Work? We Get Inside a Safe Combination Lock.
Have you ever wondered how a safe combination works? Left 4 times, right 3 times, left twice....but why? Why does that open a safe?
In this video we take apart a safe dial and show you what's inside a safe combination lock. We break down the components, the wheels, the lever, the safe relocker and more.
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Components of a Dial Safe Lock
A mechanical safe lock typically comprises several key components: the lock body, the combination dial, the spindle, the drive cam, the wheel pack, and the locking bolt.
Combination Dial: This is the part of the lock you interact with to enter the combination. The dial is connected to a spindle that runs through the lock body and engages with the internal mechanisms.
Spindle: The spindle transmits the rotation of the dial to the internal components of the lock.
Drive Cam: The drive cam is connected to the spindle and serves as the interface between the dial and the wheel pack. It has a small notch called a drive pin, which interacts with the wheels.
Wheel Pack: The wheel pack consists of multiple wheels (usually three or four) that each correspond to a number in the combination. These wheels are critical to the lock's function. Each wheel has a notch called a "gate."
Locking Bolt: The locking bolt is the part of the mechanism that physically secures the door. It is held in place by the wheel pack when the lock is engaged.
How the Lock Works
When you turn the dial, the spindle rotates the drive cam. As the drive cam turns, its drive pin catches the first wheel in the wheel pack, causing it to rotate with it. As you continue to turn the dial and enter the first number of the combination, the first wheel aligns its gate with the cam's notch.
Next, reverse the direction of the dial to engage the second wheel.
The process is repeated for each subsequent wheel in the dial combination. Once all the wheels have their gates aligned in a straight line, the lock is ready to open.
At this point, the final turn of the dial moves the drive cam’s notch into position, allowing the cam to engage with the wheel pack gates. This alignment permits the drive cam to retract the locking bolt, unlocking the safe. If the combination is entered incorrectly, the gates will not align, and the bolt will remain engaged, keeping the safe locked.
00:00 Intro
00:22 All Combination Dials Work Basically the Same
00:38 How the Safe Dial Locks a Safe
00:58 What's Inside a Combination Lock
01:22 How The Dial Opens the Safe
01:35 The Wheels
02:16 Setting the Wheels to Open the Safe
03:07 How the Wheels are Connected
04:00 Dialing in the Combination
04:49 Last Step to Open the Safe
05:51 How the Dial's Relocker Works
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