The Gold Rush | California History [ep.5]
This is part 5 of a series on California history, specifically cover the Gold Rush of 1848-1860. Click here to see start the series from the beginning:
• The History of California
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references:
Bancroft, Hubert Howe. The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft. 39 Vols. San Francisco, Calif.: The History Company, 1890. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert_...
Boessenecker, John. Badge and Buckshot: Lawlessness in Old California. Norman: University of Oklahoma, 1988. https://amzn.to/2NGretz
Boessenecker, John. “California Bandidos.” Southern California Quarterly 80, i4 (Dec. 1, 1998) 419-434.
Boessenecker, John. Gold Dust & Gunsmoke: Tales of Gold Rush Outlaws, Gunfighters, Lawmen, and Vigilantes. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999. https://amzn.to/2JdmTL1
Burns, John and Richard Orsi, editors. Taming the Elephant: Politics, Government, and Law in Pioneer California. San Francisco: California Historical Society, 2003. https://amzn.to/2NEaT8G
Hall-Patton, Joseph. Pacifying Paradise: Violence and Vigilantism in San Luis Obispo. San Luis Obispo: California Polytechnic - San Luis Obispo thesis, 2016. http://www.digitalcommons.calpoly.edu...
Igler, David. Industrial Cowboys: Miller & Lux and the Transformation of the Far West, 1850-1920. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. https://amzn.to/2NFK7g8
Johnson, Susan Lee. Roaring Camp: The Social World of the California Gold Rush. New York: W.W. Norton, 2000. https://amzn.to/2NEFcMC
Wilson, Lori. The Joaquin Band: The History behind the Legend. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 2011. https://amzn.to/2NC1VsJ
Special thanks to Mark Hall-Patton for proofreading this script
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Wiki:
The California Gold Rush (1848–1855) began on January 24, 1848, when gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California.[1] The news of gold brought some 300,000 people to California from the rest of the United States and abroad.[2] The sudden influx of immigration and gold into the money supply reinvigorated the American economy, and California became one of the few American states to go directly to statehood, in the Compromise of 1850. The Gold Rush initiated the California Genocide, with 100,000 Native Californians dying between 1848 and 1868. By the time it ended, California had gone from a thinly populated ex-Mexican territory to the home state of the first nominee for the Republican Party.
The effects of the Gold Rush were substantial. Whole indigenous societies were attacked and pushed off their lands by the gold-seekers, called "forty-niners" (referring to 1849). The first to hear confirmed information of the gold rush were the people in Oregon, the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), and Latin America, and they were the first to start flocking to the state in late 1848. Of the 300,000 people who came to America during the Gold Rush, approximately half arrived by sea and half came overland on the California Trail and the Gila River trail; forty-niners often faced substantial hardships on the trip. While most of the newly arrived were Americans, the Gold Rush attracted tens of thousands from Latin America, Europe, Australia, and China. Agriculture and ranching expanded throughout the state to meet the needs of the settlers. San Francisco grew from a small settlement of about 200 residents in 1846 to a boomtown of about 36,000 by 1852. Roads, churches, schools and other towns were built throughout California. In 1849 a state constitution was written. The new constitution was adopted by referendum vote, and the future state's interim first governor and legislature were chosen. In September, 1850, California became a state.
At the beginning of the Gold Rush, there was no law regarding property rights in the goldfields and a system of "staking claims" was developed. Prospectors retrieved the gold from streams and riverbeds using simple techniques, such as panning. Although the mining caused environmental harm, more sophisticated methods of gold recovery were developed and later adopted around the world. New methods of transportation developed as steamships came into regular service.
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Hashtags: #History #California #GoldRush #1849 #49ers #fortyniners
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