How Generator Works? AC and DC Dynamo. AC AND DC generator in 3d animation
AC and DC Dynamo. Basic Concepts. Fleming's Right Hand Rule.
Electromagnetic Induction. Fleming's Right Hand rule. Dynamo Rule
AC and DC Dynamo.
Dynamos are either ac or dc in accordance with the output of the armature current. If we remove the front portion of the armature. And, add two circular metallic rings to it. Called the slip rings. Connect both ends of the armature to these slip rings. These slip rings are so adjusted, that they can rotate about the same axis of the armature.
To collect current from these rotating slip rings, two carbon brushes are to be placed there. When, the slip rings rotate, the brushes keep contact with the rings.
Also, to show an output current, place a bulb. And connect both ends of the carbon brushes, to it. After connecting, the whole circuit may looks like this.
If armature rotates now, the induced current will lit the bulb. Note carefully, how current changes its direction. At this position, the current in bulb, is directed from red brush to blue brush. After some time, it is from blue brush to red brush. And then, it is red brush to blue brush again. So, it is an alternating current, that flowing through the bulb. Look at the blue and red arms of the armature. Whichever arm nears the blue magnet, its current is outward. And, the arm, closer to the red magnet, have a inward current.
You can check this current, with this graphical notation too. It is a sine curve.
DC dynamo
To get a DC dynamo, remove the front portion of the armature. And, introduce two semicircular metal rings to it. These semicircular rings are called commutators. They are connected to each end of the armature. They are so oriented that, they can rotate about the same axis. To extract current from these commutators, two carbon brushes are placed there. Brushes are placed very strategically. When the commutators rotate, each brush remains touch with one, and, only one commutator at a time. There should not be any chance, for a brush, to get in touch with both the commutator simultaneously.
To show you the output current, place a bulb there. And, connect each end of the brushes to it. Now, the whole circuit will be like this.
If armature rotates, a current will be induced in it. This current will flow from red arm to red commutator, then red brush, to the bulb. To blue brush, to blue commutator, to blue arm. After some time, when the red arm goes closer to the red magnet, the situation is different now. At this instant, current flows from blue arm to blue commutator, to red brush, to bulb, to blue brush, to red commutator to red arm. Note that, in both occasions, the output current is from red brush to blue brush. Thus output current does not change its direction. It is a DC current. Hence, it is a DC dynamo.
Check this graphical representation of the output current.
Difference between AC and DC dynamo.
So, we observed that, the two main difference between ac and dc dynamo is...
Ac dynamo contains two slip rings
But, dc dynamo does not. Instead, it has two semicircular commutators.
Output current of ac dynamo is a sine curve, and looks like this. While, output of the dc dynamo is a repeated half sine curve. And looks like this.
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