Set up a system of equations using force as well as torque to solve for the linear acceleration of a block hanging from a pulley which has both mass and radius.
Apply Newton's 2nd Law to the hanging block to relate the weight (mg) of the block to the tension in the string as well as the linear acceleration of the block.
Then apply Newton's 2nd law in its rotational form ( Torque equals Inertia x angular acceleration ) to the rotating pulley to relate the string tension to the angular acceleration of the pulley.
Then relate the two accelerations to one another and solve the system of three equations and three unknowns.
This problem commonly comes up in introductory physics courses including high school physics, AP Physics 1, AP Physics C and serves as the foundation for problems found on the JEE and A Level Exams.
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