Upgrading the kernel is something you should do carefully. While it's fairly safe, there's always the possibility that something may not work afterwards (e.g. when I upgraded to kernel 4.12.0 my nVidia video driver failed to start - this was fixed in 4.12.1).
It is usually recommended you don't manually upgrade your kernel unless you have some modern hardware that doesn't work properly. Nevertheless, some folks just love running "bleeding edge" ;)
On Ubuntu, the pre-built kernels can be downloaded from:
http://kernel.ubuntu.com/~kernel-ppa/...
If you wanted to (for example) upgrade to kernel 4.12.3:
1. Create a "Temp" directory and change in to it.
2. Find the 4.12.3 link (near the bottom) and click on it.
3. Download the "linux-headers-xxxxxx-all.deb" package.
4. Download the "linux-headers-xxxxxx-generic.deb" package.
5. Download the "linux-image-xxxxxxxx.deb package.
6. In a terminal, install the packages: sudo dpkg -i *.deb
7. sudo reboot
If you need to rollback to your previous kernel:
1. Start a terminal session (or boot in to recovery mode).
2. sudo apt remove --purge linux-headers-4.12.3*
3. sudo apt remove --purge linux-image-4.12.3*
4. sudo reboot
(when rolling back, don't forget to change the "4.12.3" to whatever kernel version it is you want to remove).
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