Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a simple firmware update that hides a device's unique Bluetooth fingerprint, which previously could be used to track the device's user. This discovery, originally presented at the 2022 IEEE Security & Privacy conference, was fixed with a solution presented at the 2024 conference.
Bluetooth beacons, emitted by mobile devices like smartphones, smartwatches, and fitness trackers, contain unique physical-layer fingerprints due to hardware imperfections. Current methods only change the device’s MAC address, not addressing these unique hardware fingerprints.
The researchers' method involves multiple layers of randomization to mask these fingerprints, making it nearly impossible for attackers to track the device. Implemented on the Texas Instruments CC2640 chipset, their tests showed that an attacker would need over 10 days of continuous observation to track a device as effectively as within a minute without the update.
The team is seeking industry partners to integrate this technology into widely-used Bluetooth Low Energy chipsets, and they believe this method could also obfuscate WiFi fingerprints.
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