Biochemistry of blood sugar regulation & glucose homeostasis
The mechanisms are complicated, but the logic is simple. Here's how they intertwine.
When it comes to glycogen breakdown (glycogenolysis), your liver and muscle have different priorities…
liver’s gotta glucose-deliver
glycogenolysis → glucose 6-phosphate → glucose → ship out
muscle says, glucose is “mine!”
glycogenolysis → glucose 6-phosphate → glycolysis → ATP
YouTube: • Glycogen metabolism (glycogenesis & g...
Blog: http://bit.ly/metabolismglycolysis
Metabolism spreadsheet: https://bit.ly/metabolism_spreadsheet
Insulin & glucagon are hormonal “opposites” that work to control blood sugar & anabolism vs. catabolism
Glucagon says “α-ll” the glucose is gone
secreted by pancreatic α cells in response to low blood sugar
stimulates catabolic processes
stimulates liver to make & ship out glucose
acts largely through PKA (aka cAMP-dependent protein kinase) signaling
Insulin says β-etter let some glucose in!
secreted by pancreatic β cells in response to high blood sugar
stimulates anabolic processes
stimulates liver to take in & store glucose
acts largely through PKB (Akt) signaling
more on the regulation: YouTube: • Glycogen metabolism (glycogenesis & g...
Blog: http://bit.ly/metabolismglycolysis
more on all sorts of metabolic stuff: http://bit.ly/metabolismglycolysis & • Logic of metabolic "pathways" - starr...
302 Sp24 course videos: • Biochemistry 302 Spring 2024 Course V...
more about all sorts of things: #365DaysOfScience All (with topics listed) 👉 http://bit.ly/2OllAB0 or search blog: http://thebumblingbiochemist.com
#scicomm #biochemistry #molecularbiology #biology #sciencelife #science #realtimechem
Further reading:
Chandel N. S. (2021). Carbohydrate Metabolism. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology, 13(1), a040568. https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a...
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelve...
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelve...
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelve...
Meyer, C., Dostou, J. M., Welle, S., & Gerich, J. E. (2002). Role of human liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle in postprandial glucose homeostasis. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism, 282(2), E419-E427. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00032...
Alsahli, M., Shrayyef, M., & Gerich, J. E. (2017). Normal glucose homeostasis. Principles of Diabetes Mellitus, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-207...
(2016). Principles of diabetes mellitus.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-207...
Woerle, H. J., Meyer, C., Dostou, J. M., Gosmanov, N. R., Islam, N., Popa, E., Wittlin, S. D., Welle, S. L., & Gerich, J. E. (2003). Pathways for glucose disposal after meal ingestion in humans. American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism, 284(4), E716–E725. https://doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00365...
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