Einstein and Atomic Theory
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Full video: • What Is An Atom And How Do We Know?
A young Albert Einstein, aside from everything else he did, made significant contributions to our understanding of the atom.
Brownian Motion (1905):
In his 1905 paper, Einstein theoretically described Brownian motion, which is the random movement of particles suspended in a fluid. He proposed that this motion resulted from collisions with atoms, suggesting a way to observe and measure atomic activity indirectly. While he didn’t conduct the experiments himself, his predictions laid the groundwork for experimental verification by others, such as Jean Perrin in 1908, which provided empirical support for the existence of atoms.
Photoelectric Effect (1905):
Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect was groundbreaking for quantum theory. He theorized that light could be considered as consisting of discrete packets of energy, or photons, which could eject electrons from a metal surface if the photons had enough energy. This hypothesis challenged the classical wave theory of light and was crucial in the development of quantum mechanics. Einstein received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921 for this work, specifically for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect.
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