Classes and objects in python python tutorial day 57

Published: 30 August 2024
on channel: CodeZone
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# python tutorial day 57: classes and objects

in this tutorial, we will explore the concepts of classes and objects in python, which are fundamental to object-oriented programming (oop). we'll understand how to create classes, instantiate objects, and utilize methods and attributes.

what are classes and objects?

- **class**: a class is a blueprint for creating objects. it defines a set of attributes and methods that the created objects will have. think of a class as a template.

- **object**: an object is an instance of a class. it is created based on the class definition and can hold specific data and functionality.

creating a class

to define a class in python, we use the `class` keyword followed by the class name. by convention, class names are written in camelcase.

syntax:



example:

let's create a simple class named `car`.



explanation:

- **`__init__` method**: this is the constructor method that initializes the object’s attributes when a new object is created.
- **`self`**: a reference to the current instance of the class. it's used to access variables that belong to the class.

creating objects

now that we have defined a class, we can create objects (instances) of that class.

example:



explanation:

- we create two objects, `car1` and `car2`, by calling the `car` class and passing the required parameters.
- we then call the `display_info` method for each object to print their details.

class attributes vs instance attributes

- **class attributes**: shared by all instances of a class. in our `car` class, `wheels` is a class attribute.
- **instance attributes**: unique to each instance. `make`, `model`, and `year` are instance attributes.

example of class attributes:



modifying attributes

you can modify instance attributes after creating an object.

example:



inheritance

inheritance allows a class to inherit attributes and methods from another class. this promotes code reusability.

examp ...

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