Class methods in python python tutorial day 69
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**python tutorial day 69: understanding class methods**
in python, class methods are a type of method that is bound to the class and not the instance of the class. this means that they can be called on the class itself rather than on an instance of the class. class methods are particularly useful for factory methods, which can create instances of the class using different parameters than those passed to the constructor.
what is a class method?
a class method is defined using the ` decorator. the first parameter of a class method is `cls`, which refers to the class itself, rather than an instance of the class. this allows the method to access class-level attributes and methods.
syntax of class methods
example of class methods
let's illustrate class methods with a simple example. we will create a class called `book` that has a class method to create a `book` instance from a string.
output
explanation of the example
1. **class attribute**: `book_count` is a class attribute that keeps track of the total number of `book` instances created.
2. **constructor**: the `__init__` method initializes the `title` and `author` attributes and increments the `book_count` each time a new `book` instance is created.
3. **class method `from_string`**: this class method takes a string representation of a book, splits it into the title and author, and returns a new instance of `book` using the `cls` parameter.
4. **class method `get_book_count`**: this method returns the total number of `book` instances created by accessing the class attribute `book_count`.
when to use class methods
- **factory methods**: use class methods when you need to create instances of a class using alternative methods or parameters.
- **alternative constructors**: class methods can serve as alternative constructors for your class.
- **accessing class state**: use class methods to access or modify class-level attributes, especially when you need to maintai ...
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