Wildlife conservation in india National Parks , Wildlife Sanctuary
Link for National Park is • Top 10 National Park in India | Gener...
Link for Wildlife Sanctuary is: • Top 10 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India ...
Link for Biosphere Reserve: • Top 10 Biosphere Reserves in India UN...
Wildlife
Based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), it can be classified as follows :
Normal Species.
Endangered Species
Vulnerable Species
Rare Species
Endemic Species
Extinct Species
Forest & Wildlife Protection Programmes by Government
In 1972, a comprehensive Wildlife Act was enacted by Central Government of India lead by Ms Indira Gandhi, which provides the main legal framework for conservation and protection of wildlife in India.
The two main objectives of the Act are :
• to provide protection to the endangered species listed in the schedule of the Act and
• to provide legal support to the conservation areas of the country classified as National parks, sanctuaries and closed areas.
For the purpose of effective conservation of flora and fauna, special steps have been initiated by the Government of India in collaboration with UNESCO’s ‘Man and Biosphere Programme’.
There are 92 National parks and 492 wildlife sanctuaries covering an area of 15.67 million hectares in the country.
National Park
• it is a Relatively large area consisting of one or more ecosystems, and it operates at National Level.
• No human activity or settlement allowed i.e. human interference is totally prohibited
• Villagers cannot graze their animals and national parks have Extremely strict rules about jungle produce collection for ex. Honey
To know further about national parks in India, refer to our video on : Top 10 National Park in India
Wildlife Sanctuary
• In wildlife sanctuary Regulated human activities are allowed for example : Grazing of animals, Firewood collection and Tourism.
• It can be created for a particular species which is not the case with national parks;
• Wildlife Sanctuary operates at State Level.
• A sanctuary can be upgraded to a National park but not vice versa
To know further about Wildlife sanctuary in India, refer to our video on : Top 10 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India
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India has also introduced many Special schemes like Project Tiger (1973) and Project Elephant (1992) to conserve some endangered species and their habitat in a sustainable manner. We will now look at a few of those now.
1) Project Tiger :
• There are 50 tiger reserves in India which are governed by Project Tiger which is administrated by the National Tiger Conservation Authority(NTCA).
• India is home to 70 percent of tigers in the world. In 2006, there were 1,411 tigers which increased to 1,706 in 2011 and 2,226 in 2014.The total number of wild tigers has risen to 3,891 in 2016 according to World Wildlife Fund and Global Tiger Forum.
2) Project Elephant
• Project Elephant (PE) is initiated for protection of elephants, their habitats and corridors.
• It also seeks to address the issues of human-elephant conflict and welfare of domesticated elephants. The Project is being implemented in 13 States / Union Territories.
• Monitoring of Illegal Killing of Elephants ( MIKE )
3) Project Snow Leopard
• Project Snow Leopard aims To safeguard and conserve India’s unique natural heritage of high altitude wildlife populations and their habitats.
• Snow Leopard is globally endangered species as well as the most important flagship species of the mountain region.
4) Sea Turtle Project
• With the objective of conservation of olive ridley turtles and other endangered marine turtles, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change initiated the Sea Turtle Conservation Project in collaboration of UNDP in 1999 with Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun as the Implementing Agency.
• The project is being implemented in 10 coastal States of the country with special emphasis in State of Orissa.
Biosphere Reserve
A Biosphere Reserve is a unique representation of ecosystem of terrestrial and coastal areas which are internationally recognized within the framework of UNESCO’s Man and Biosphere (MAB) Programme. The Biosphere Reserve aims at achieving the three objective as depicted .
Core zone
Buffer zone
Transition zone
Conservation Reserves
• Particularly the areas adjacent to National Parks and Sanctuaries and the areas which link one Protected Area with another can also be declared as conservation reserves.
Community Reserves
• Can be declared by the State Government in any private or community land, not comprised within a National Park, Sanctuary or a Conservation Reserve
To know further about biosphere reserves in India, refer to our video on : Top 10 Biosphere Reserves in India UNESCO list | Biosphere Reserves in a nutshell
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