Battle of Himera and what Herodotus kept silent about. Carthage vs Ancient Greece
Information about hostilities in the past is mainly based on the historical and literary stories of ancient authors such as Aristotle, Thucydides, Herodotus and Homer. This ancient information is invaluable for our understanding of history. However, these sources are not informative enough and are biased depending on the prejudices of individual authors. For example, Herodotus emphasizes the differences between Greeks and “barbarians” in his works, deliberately glorifying Greek citizens and downplaying the role of mercenaries.
Moreover, most of our knowledge about the battles of Gimer in 480 and 409. BC e. comes from the historical texts of Herodotus, who lived around 484-425. BC e. and Diodorus Siculus, who lived in the 1st century. BC e. in Sicily during the Roman period. According to these sources in 480 BC. e. the alliance of Syracuse and Agrigento defeated the Carthaginian army at Hymera, and the Greeks received a large ransom from the Carthaginian colonies. Herodotus and Diodorus of Siculus, wrote that this victory took place thanks to the help of the Greek allies. But after almost 70 years, in 409 BC. e. Carthage under the command of Hannibal Magon struck again and Gimera fell. Herodotus did not see these events, but Diodorus of Siculus mentioned that Gimera did not receive help in the lost battle.
In the new work, the authors analyzed strontium and oxygen isotopes from remains in burials associated with two historically significant battles of Hymer in 480 and 409. BC e. between Punic Carthage and the Sicilian Greeks. By providing the necessary direct evidence, complementing the written sources and verifying 2 of their main theses, which report that the first battle of 480 BC. e. was won by the Greeks with the help of the allies, and the second 409 BC. on the contrary, it was lost without such help.
#history #archeology #education #science
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A source:
Reinberger KL, Reitsema LJ, Kyle B, Vassallo S, Kamenov G, Krigbaum J (2021) Isotopic evidence for geographic heterogeneity in Ancient Greek military forces. PLoS ONE 16 (5): e0248803. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
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Tilemahos Efthimiadis - Flickr: Athenian, 16694492
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