14.Battle of Zama, fought in 202 BC
The Battle of Zama, fought in 202 BC, marked the decisive end of the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage. The Roman army, led by Scipio Africanus, faced Hannibal’s forces near Zama in North Africa. By this time, Rome had regained its strength, and Scipio had learned from Hannibal's tactics. Hannibal, recently recalled from Italy, had war elephants at his disposal, but Scipio cleverly neutralized them by creating lanes in his formation, allowing the elephants to pass through harmlessly. Roman cavalry, led by Masinissa, a Numidian ally, defeated Hannibal’s cavalry, enabling a critical flanking maneuver. Scipio’s infantry then broke through Hannibal's lines, leading to a crushing defeat for Carthage. This victory ended Carthage's power and established Rome as the dominant power in the Mediterranean.
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