What is Language? Lecture #1 for B.S and M.A English in Urdu / Hindi
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Origin of Language: • The Origin of Language - Urdu - Hindi...
Language is a means of letting the other people know what we have in mind. In this respect, language enables us to convey to others what we feel, think or desire. But at the same time we have to admit that language or speech (spoken language) is not the only means of conveying our ideas to others. To a certain extent, gestures, pictures and writing signs also do this function.
In spoken language, the symbol set consists of noises resulting from movements of certain organs within the throat and mouth. In signed languages, these symbols may be hand or body movements, gestures, or facial expressions. By means of these symbols, people are able to impart information, to express feelings and emotions, to influence the activities of others.
Language, a system of conventional spoken, manual (signed), or written symbols by means of which human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, express themselves. The functions of language include communication, the expression of identity, play, imaginative expression, and emotional release.
Encyclopedia britianica
Edward Sapir in his book “Language: An Introduction to the Study of Speech” (1921) defines language as under:
“Language is a purely human and non instinctive method of communicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of a system of voluntarily produced symbols.”
Bloomfield says “Each community is formed by the activity of language. It is not possible to think of a group of a human being or a society without a language. The language refers to all the specific languages used in the communities.
Language is tool of social behavior and a basis of all human activities. Human beings communicate and co-operate with each other through language. It makes us different of animals.”
Henry Sweet in the book “The history of Language” defines language as under:
“The expression of thought by means of speech sounds.”
An ancient Indian linguist, Patanjali says “Language is that human expression which is uttered by speech organs.”
According to modern American linguist Noam Chomsky, “Language is an innate capacity of native speakers to understand and form grammatical sentences.”
According to Dr. Lloyd James "many animal possess all the necessary organs of speech in embryo but only man has developed it."
According to linguists, language is a highly developed form of animal signaling. However there is a missing link in the chain as how and when did we start to talk. How language began seems a puzzle. On the other hand, why language began seems rather clearer. The primary function of language is to impart information and to convey essential commands and feelings.
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