Agricultural watersheds | NSS IIT Bombay | 2022
Watershed is defined as a geohydrological unit draining to a common point by a system of drains. All lands on earth are part of one watershed or other. Watershed is thus the land and water area, which contributes runoff to a common point.
A watershed is an area of land and water bounded by a drainage divide within which the surface runoff collects and flows out of the watershed through a single outlet into a lager river ( or ) lake.
In agricultural watersheds, phosphorus entering wetlands is typically present in both organic and inorganic forms that are either dissolved or particulate In most agricultural soils, 50–75% of P is inorganic, with 60–90% of P transported from cultivated fields in the particulate form While dissolved inorganic P is, for the most part, immediately available for biological uptake, particulate forms of P must first be transformed before biological utilization can occur. The extent to which the PP fraction becomes bioavailable is dependent upon a range of chemical, physical, and biological processes , and thus, PP represents a variable but long-term source of P for aquatic biota.
Different fractions of inorganic PP and the relative bioavailability of each fraction are operationally defined based on a chemical extraction scheme, typically consisting of four sequential extractions of increasing recalcitrance . These fractions include: exchangeable P, Fe and Al bound P, Ca and Mg bound P, and residual P. The bioavailable fraction of PP has been reported to range between 5% and 30% for agricultural runoffand 15–32% in CWs.
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