History of Greece. Aegean civilizations of the Bronze Age - new genetic data
Description
The Bronze Age in Eurasia was marked by dramatic changes at the social, political and economic levels. These events also affected the regions of the Aegean Sea, including mainland Greece, Western Anatolia and Crete. Where the construction of the first large urban centers and monumental palace complexes is marked. These regional cultures or civilizations of the Bronze Age are collectively called the Aegean civilization, which in turn includes the Hellenic civilization on the territory of mainland Greece, the Minoan civilization in Crete and the Cycladic civilization on the islands of the same name in the center of the Aegean Sea, from 3200 or 3000 to 1100. BC e. And on the western coast of Asia Minor, the Mycenaean civilization also includes Western Anatolian cultures from 3000 to 1200. BC.
Given the lack of genomic data during the transition from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age in the Aegean region, the authors of the new work posed a number of questions:
1. Were the ancient Aegeans who initiated the transition to the Bronze Age associated with Neolithic groups from the same region?
2. Were the representatives of the Hellenic, Cycladic and Minoan civilizations of the Early Bronze Age genetically close and did they differ from the Mycenaeans of the Late Bronze Age?
3. Was the Eastern ancestry (Caucasian and Iranian), observed among some Anatolians during the Neolithic and Copper Age, preserved until the Early Bronze Age in the Aegean region?
4. Did the mass migration from the Pontic-Caspian steppe to Central Europe affect the Bronze Age populations of the Aegean Sea? If so, what was the timing and extent of this gene flow?
5. How are the ancient inhabitants of the Bronze Age Aegean related to the modern Greeks inhabiting the same territory?
To answer these questions and characterize the populations behind the construction of palaces and urban centers of the Aegean Bronze Age, the authors obtained genome-wide data from 4 people of the Early Bronze Age, covering all three cultures of the Aegean Bronze Age (Hellenic on the island of Evia, Cycladic on the island of Koufonisia, and Minoan in Crete) and from 2 Helladians of the Middle Bronze Age from the village of Elati in Trikala in northern Greece. In addition, 11 early Bronze Age Aegean mt #DNA genomes were obtained. New genetic data were considered in the context of ancient and modern Eurasian populations.
#history #science #Greece #genetics #archeology
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A source:
The genomic history of the Aegean palatial civilizations
Florian Clemente, Martina Unterländer, Olga Dolgova, Oscar Lao, Anna-Sapfo Malaspinas, Christina Papageorgopoulou DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2021.0...
Additional sources:
Archaeogenomic analysis of the first steps of Neolithization in Anatolia and the Aegean
Gülşah Merve Kılınç, Dilek Koptekin, Çiğdem Atakuman, Arev Pelin Sümer, Handan Melike Dönertaş, Reyhan Yaka, Cemal Can Bilgin, Ali Metin Büyükkarakaya, Douglas Baird, Ezgi Altınışonıstov… authors
Published: 22 November 2017 doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.2064
Marcus, J. H., Posth, C., Ringbauer, H. et al. Genetic history from the Middle Neolithic to present on the Mediterranean island of Sardinia. Nat Commun 11, 939 (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-14523-6
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Content:
00:00 Introduction
05:28 Objectives and conventions
07:25 Genomic Homogeneity in the Early Bronze Age
08:55 Stream of genes associated with Caucasian hunter-gatherers
11:09 Genomic heterogeneity in the Middle Bronze Age
14:39 Late Bronze Age Mycenaeans
16:03 Similarity between modern Greeks and Greeks of the Middle Bronze Age
16:46 Phenotypic features
17:58 Results
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