From the Caucasus to the Balkans - genetic history and Indo-European languages
Greetings, I present to your attention a review of fairly large scientific papers, in which the authors, and there are more than two hundred of them, presented genome-wide data from 777 people, of which 727 are new and 50 are supplemented from previously published ones.
And the total sample size, together with earlier data, was 1317 people, from the region that the authors call the “Southern Arc” - this region, centered on the Anatolian Peninsula, includes the Balkans and parts of the Aegean Sea in the west, as well as the Levant, Cyprus , Mesopotamia, Iran, Armenia and Azerbaijan in the south and east. In addition to genetic data, the authors obtained 239 new radiocarbon dates for the same skeletal elements from which the material for DNA analysis was selected. The new samples fill many gaps in time and space in the Southern Arc. In Anatolia, special attention is paid to the regions of the Aegean and Marmara Seas in the west, the Black Sea in the north, as well as sections in the east and southeast of Anatolia that connect it with the rest of the Southern Arc. Another area with a high density of samples is Armenia, where, in addition to the first data from the Neolithic, there are an order of magnitude more samples from the Bronze and Iron Ages. Also, to one sample from the Iranian archaeological site of Hasanlu, south of Lake Urmia, 21 more samples of the Bronze and Iron Ages were added. The southern part of Southeast Europe is represented by samples of the Mycenaean period from different regions of the Aegean Sea. In the Balkans, in addition to 29 samples of different periods from Albania, a significant addition was in the set from North Macedonia, where genetic information on only one inhabitant of the Neolithic was previously published, and the number of ancient #DNA data from Bulgaria more than doubled. In the northern part of the western wing of the Southern Arc, in addition to the 5 previously published, DNA data was obtained from more than 100 people from Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Romania and Moldova, which are to varying degrees associated with Central Europe and the Eurasian steppe. How, for example, some people from Serbia and Bulgaria can be attributed to the Yamnaya culture, which makes it possible to compare them with its other carriers from the Eurasian steppe.
#science #Indo-Europeans #history #genepool #genetics #Caucasus
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Sources:
Iosif Lazaridis, David Reich, Songül Alpaslan-Roodenberg et al.
The genetic history of the Southern Arc: A bridge between West Asia and Europe
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm4247
A genetic probe into the ancient and medieval history of Southern Europe and West Asia
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq0755
Ancient DNA from Mesopotamia suggests distinct Pre-Pottery and Pottery Neolithic migrations into Anatolia
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abq0762
Additionally:
Rapid radiation of the inner Indo-European languages: an advanced approach to Indo-European lexicostatistics
Alexei S. Kassian, Mikhail Zhivlov , George Starostin , Artem A. Trofimov , Petr A. Kocharov , Anna Kuritsyna and Mikhail N. Saenko
From the journal Linguistics
https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0060
The concept of the origin of the Indo-Europeans by T.V. Gamkrelidze and V.V. Ivanov (critical study) http://xn--c1acc6aafa1c.xn--p1ai/?page_id=3952 (Sergey Koncha)
Content:
00:00 General information
02:36 Overview of genetic variability in the Southern Arc
05:06 Anatolian part of the Southern Arc
07:43 Origin and distribution of steppe pastoralists
14:11 Genetic changes in Southeast Europe
20:11 Genetic changes in the territory of modern Armenia
24:44 Y-chromosome haplogroups as a marker of connection between the steppe and Western Asia
35:46 Indo-Hittite hypothesis in the light of genetic data
36:56 Evidence for the theory of the steppe ancestral home
40:00 Two hypotheses about the ancestral home of the Proto-Indo-European languages
Photo and video:
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