Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP) - Principles and Amendments
Directive Principle of State Policy (DPSP)
The Directive Principles of State Policy are guidelines for the framing of laws by the government. These provisions, set out in Part IV of the Constitution, are not enforceable by the courts,
but the principles on which they are based are fundamental guidelines for governance that the State is expected to apply in framing policies and passing laws.
• DPSP’s and FR forms the Conscience of Indian Constitution
Basic aim of DPSPs is to set up social & economic goals before the law makers
• To bring socio-economic change in the country
• To fulfill the basic needs of the common man
• To reshape the structure of Indian society in direction of greater socio-economic equality.
Constitution of India Part IV deal with the provisions of the Directive Principles & are broadly classified into
• Socialist principles
• Gandhian principles
• Liberal intellectual principles
Socialistic Principles:
a) Adequate means of livelihood for all citizens
b) Fair distribution of wealth and material resources among all classes and to prevent concentration of wealth in a few hands
c) Equal pay for equal work for men as well as women.
d) To secure just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
Gandhian Principles
a) To organize village Panchayats and to endowing them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government;
b) To promote cottage industries on individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.
c) To safeguard and promote the educational and economic interests of the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
d) To bring about the prohibition and consumption of intoxicating liquor.
e) To organize agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and in particular prohibit slaughter of cows.
Liberal Principles
a) To secure uniform and liberal code of law for all citizens of India;
b) To separate the judiciary from the executive;
c) to raise the standard of nutrition and standard of living of the people;
d) To protect monuments of historical and national interest;
e) Equal justice and free legal aid to economically backward classes;
f) participation of workers in management of organizations engaged in any industry.
g) Promotion and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wild.
DPSPs explained as per Articles of Indian Constitution
Social, Political and Economic Justice :
Article 37,
Article 38,
Article 38(2).
Principles of Policy : Article 39
Free Legal aid : Article 39-A
Organization of Panchayats : Article 40
Welfare Government : Article 41
Securing just and humane work and maternity relief : Article 42
Fair wages and decent standard of life : Article 43
Worker’s participation in management : Article 43 A
Promotion of Cooperatives : Article 43-B
Uniform Civil Code : Article 44
Infant and Child Care : Article 45
Protection of SCs, STs, weaker sections from exploitation : Article 46
Nutrition, Standard of living and public health : Article 47
Scientific agriculture and animal husbandry Article 48
Environment and wildlife Protection Article 48A
Protection of monuments and places and objects of national importance Article 49
Separation of judiciary from executive Article 50
Promotion of international peace and security Article 51
DPSPs added by Amendments of Constitution
42nd Amendment 1976
Four Directive Principles were added by 42nd amendment as follows:
• To secure opportunities for healthy development of children (Article 39)
• To promote equal justice and to provide free legal aid to the poor (Article 39 A)
• To take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of industries (Article 43 A)
• To protect and improve the environment and to safeguard forests and wild life (Article 48 A).
44th Amendment 1978
97th amendment 2011
Comparison of Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
Following are the key comparisons of FRs and DPSPs:
• While most FRs have some negative connotation i.e. they prohibit the state from doing something, the DPSP direct the state for doing something.
• While FRs are enforceable in court, DPSPs are not enforceable in court.
• While objective of FRs is to establish political democracy, objective of DPSPs is to establish a social and economic order.
• While FRs have legal sanction, DPSPs have moral sanction rather.
• While FRs are individualistic, DPSPs are collectivistic i.e. they promote the welfare of entire community.
• FRs don’t need separate legislations as such because they are enforceable in court. To implement DPSPs, government needs to make separate laws.
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