Cro-Magnons or Early European modern humans
In a narrow sense, Cro-Magnons are people found in the south-west of France in the Cro-Magnon cave, and in a broad sense, in general, all fossil people of modern anatomy (Homo sapines sapiens). But we will consider the Cro-Magnons as anatomically modern people who inhabited Europe in the Upper Paleolithic, up to about 12 thousand years ago.
At the same time, the Middle and Upper Paleolithic delimit the time in terms of the complexity of technology, which coincides with the replacement of the Neanderthals by a rational man and has no clear boundaries.
Anatomically modern people of Europe are well known for the creation of a variety of artistic works, including cave paintings, Venus figurines, the so-called baton Percé, for an unknown purpose, as well as animal figurines and geometric patterns.
The European continent was inhabited by people of modern anatomy in several waves, and the remains of their earliest representatives were relatively recently discovered in the Bacho Kiro cave in Bulgaria, they are dated from 45820 to 43650 years, the initial Upper Paleolithic. By the way, the age of the Ust-Ishim man outside Europe also falls within this range. Further, according to dates, there are finds from Peshtera-ku-Oase of Romania, about 39 thousand years old, and Markina Gora or Kostenka 14 of the Voronezh region, which lived 37 thousand years ago.
anthropology # history # archeology # science # genetics # paleogenetics # DNA
Content:
00:00 Introduction
06:52 Archaeological cultures
12:03 Results
15:24 Cro-Magnon legacy
Support channel:
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Sources:
Mounier, A., Heuzé, Y., Samsel, M. et al. Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic. Sci Rep 10, 21931 doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78841-x
Fu, Q., Posth, C., Hajdinjak, M. et al. The genetic history of Ice Age Europe. Nature 534,200-205 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/nature17993
Additional sources:
Platt, D., Haber, M., Dagher-Kharrat, M. et al. Mapping Post-Glacial expansions: The Peopling of Southwest Asia. Sci Rep 7, 40338 (2017). doi.org/10.1038/srep40338
Mounier, A., Heuzé, Y., Samsel, M. et al. Gravettian cranial morphology and human group affinities during the European Upper Palaeolithic. Sci Rep 10, 21931 (2020). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78841-x
Haak, W., Lazaridis, I., Patterson, N. et al. Massive migration from the steppe was a source for Indo-European languages in Europe. Nature 522, 207-211 (2015). doi.org/10.1038/nature14317
Ancient genomes show social and reproductive behavior of early Upper Paleolithic foragers
Martin Sikora1, Andaine Seguin-Orlando1, Vitor C. Sousa, Anders Albrechtsen, Thorfinn Korneliussen, Amy Ko, Simon Rasmussen, Isabelle Dupanloup, Philip R. Nigst, Marjolein D. Bosch doi.org/10.1126/science.aao1807
Lamnidis, T. C., Majander, K., Jeong, C. et al. Ancient Fennoscandian genomes reveal origin and spread of Siberian ancestry in Europe. Nat Commun 9, 5018 (2018). doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-07483-5
Balzeau A, Gilissen E, Grimaud-Hervé D (2012) Shared Pattern of Endocranial Shape Asymmetries among Great Apes, Anatomically Modern Humans, and Fossil Hominins. PLoS ONE 7 (1): e29581. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029581
Illustrations:
commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=(number from the list)
Adrian Michael 74293716, 74849920, 74849930
Didier Descouens - 11026148
evatutin - 73290014
Hughcharlesparker 17590795
Sémhur 7986703
Don Hitchcock, 89047289
Jack Versloot - originally posted to Flickr as Lascaux II5073914
Bjørn Christian Tørrissen - bjornfree.com/travel/galleries/, 89071957
Don Hitchcock donsmaps.com/aurignacian.html, 93145665
Don Hitchcock, 97471942
Didier Descouens, 12426513
Klaus D. Peter, Wiehl, Germany 15748399
Wuselig 52080313
Museopedia 60958268
Thilo Parg 32444739
Matteo De Stefano / MUSEThis file was uploaded MUSE - Science Museum of Trento in cooperation with Wikimedia Italia. MUSE, 48441996
Daniela Hitzemann (photograph) - Pressebilder Neanderthal Museum, Mettmann, neanderthal.de/de/urmenschen.html, 66654244
Anatomography, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=23232187, 23212481, 23212826
Author: Claude Valette 47569429
Author: Gabinete de Prensa del Gobierno de Cantabria - cantabria.es, 68591972
FonsScientiae - based on the Yale School of Medicine ALlele FREquency Database, 27455242
Don Hitchcock - donsmaps.com/bohunician. The Bohunician in Moravia; at Don; Maps, Don Hitchcock, 97472772
Photographed Andreas Franzkowiak (User: Bullenwächter) - Hamburg Archaeological Museum, 58260844
Photographed Andreas Franzkowiak (User: Bullenwächter) - Hamburg Archaeological Museum, 58260882
Didier Descouens 11775287
Don Hitchcock, 90478087
MatthiasKabel 3513129
Goeland1234 38667599
Leland McInnes at the English language Wikipedia, 3698190
Zde 69538064
Discott 17157837
Didier Descouens 10727062
Lionel Allorge 57518401
wellcomecollection.org/works/tkf45zkb
Zde 69679627, 69535457
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