New data on early cheese production in the north-west of the Balkan Peninsula in the Neolithic
In a new study, scientists report the production of cheese in the Adriatic, on the territory of modern Croatia about 7,200 years ago, after analyzing the carbon isotopes of individual fatty acids in the remains of pottery from two Neolithic settlements - Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitin. Archaeological data from the historical region of Dalmatia, in the north-west of the Balkan Peninsula, indicate that agriculture was the backbone of large villages for centuries, starting 8,000 years ago. During the recent excavations in the villages, Pokrovnik and Danilo Bitin, the remains of houses, a large number of animal bones, pottery, stone tools and other debris were found. According to radiocarbon dates, the village of Pokrovnik was permanently populated from 8 to 7 thousand years ago, and Danilo Bitin from 7,300 to 6,800 years ago. The remains of ceramics are the main artifacts of the early agricultural populations in the Adriatic. Early Neolithic farmers initially produced and used pottery, starting from 8,000 thousand years ago. Impresso culture ceramics, or cardiac / cardium ceramic cultures, were made from local clays mixed with quartz or calcite, baked in open pits and decorated with shellfish prints, claws or animal teeth. The name of the culture comes from the name of bivalve molluscs - cores or cardiums. Chronologically and stylistically similar products are associated with the earliest farmers throughout the central and western Mediterranean. During the following centuries, potters of the Middle Neolithic began to create a new set of styles of pottery with various decorative and technological methods. Unlike the Impresso culture, this ceramics is distributed more locally in Dalmatia and the northeastern Adriatic. Pottery from Danilo Bitin includes many different forms, including such as plates and bowls, in addition to globular vessels. Pottery from Danilo is often decorated with spirals, notches and stripes.
The video was created on the basis of the research article:
McClure SB, Magill C, Podrug E, Moore AMT, Harper TK, Culleton BJ, et al. (2018) Fatty acid specific δ13C values reveal earliest Mediterranean cheese production 7,200 years ago. PLoS ONE 13 (9): e0202807. doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0202807
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