Tagar Culture and Genetic Studies of the Iron Age Nomads of Southern Siberia
In the I millennium BC, many groups of early nomads arose and spread in the steppes of Eurasia. These groups were the driving force of large-scale demographic changes in the early Iron Age of Eurasia. Early nomads occupied huge territories of the Eurasian steppe from the Northern Black Sea coast to Southern Siberia and Eastern Central Asia, with a length of more than 7 thousand km.
On the basis of archaeological and historical data, several stages in the development of these early nomads are distinguished, such as the pre-Scythian, Scythian and Hun-Sarmatian periods. A characteristic feature of these periods is the widespread distribution of common elements in the material cultures of the steppe belt and adjacent territories, accompanied by the intensification of cultural and, as you can see from the studies, genetic interactions between populations from geographically remote regions of Eurasia in early periods.
Tagar culture is one of the most studied, in archaeological terms, period of early nomads of the steppes of Southern Siberia. It existed on the territory of the Khakassko-Minusinsk depression in the I millennium BC. It is worth noting that earlier this region was called "Siberian Italy", because of the climate. During this time, the Tagar culture progressed during several stages of development, with parallel developing nations, such as the Hunnu (Mongolia and Transbaikalia), Dunhu (the inhabitants of Jingguzi, Northern China), Pazyryk culture (Gorny Altai, Russia, Kazakhstan and Mongolia), the Aldy (Tuva, Russia), the tribes of nomads Xianbi (the territory of Inner Mongolia) and the more remote Scythians (Northern Black Sea region). These peoples were distinguished by the peculiarities of material culture and funeral rites. To date, several thousand burials and other objects belonging to the Tagar culture have been excavated in the Khakassko-Minusinsk Basin and adjacent territories. There were also treasures. As an example, you can find the Ilus treasure, discovered by a farm worker, not far from the village of Iyus, in the north of the Republic of Khakassia. A large cauldron with a treasure of the Hunnu-Sarmatian time, caught on the plow share, and inside it turned out 278 artifacts.
In the new study, scientists evaluated the diversity of mtDNA from 79 individuals from the burial grounds, belonging to all major chronological stages of Tagar culture in the 1st millennium BC.
Created on the basis of research:
1. The main study - Maternal genetic features of the Iron Age. Tagar population from Southern Siberia (1st millennium BC) PLoS ONE 13 (9): e0204062. https: //doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204062
Pilipenko AS, Trapezov RO, Cherdantsev SV, Babenko VN, Nesterova MS, Pozdnyakov DV, et al. (2018)
Auxiliary:
1. The radial expansion of the Diego blood group system polymorphisms in Asia: mark of co-migration with the Mongol conquests
Florence Petit, Francesca Minnai, Jacques Chiaroni, Peter A. Underhill, Pascal Bailly, Stéphane Mazières & Caroline Costedoat
doi.org/10.1038/s41431-018-0245-9 nature.com
2. A. P. Borodovsky, V. Ye. Larichev The complex of the Iyüs hoard
3. Balanovsky Oleg Pavlovich
Variability of the gene pool in space and time:
synthesis of data on the genogeography of mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome
4. MN Pshenitsyna (St. Petersburg, Russia)
Tagar Cemetery Ulug-Cuzure I in the Middle Yenisei
5. Images of animals on the handle of Tagar knives
NN Moor
6. Rusakova, ID Preliminary results of the survey of the petroglyphs of the Boyar range in 2011-2014
7. NN Moor Images of the wolf in the decor of knives and weapons of Tagar culture
8. e. A. Miklashevich New materials on the rock art of Scythian time in the mountains of Oglakhty (Khakassia)
9. Simonova Natalia Nikolaevna Tagarskaya culture in the Bey district, the Republic of Khokassia
and etc.
#science #genetics #archeology #DNA #history #anthropology
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