Virtual Particles (हिन्दी में) || Hawking Radiation कैसे होता है || How Hawking radiation occurred |
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• Virtual particles? Key for the existi...
In this Empty Space, Phantom Particles appear and disappears. For their existence they transfer energy from one place to another. In front of the black holes, Virtual Matter and antimatter is separated by Event Horizon, which emits the hawking radiation later.
First we know about origin of virtual particles. Whenever we see any empty place or black spot in this universe, we feel that there is nothing in existence there but actually there is something that are different types of fields like Electromagnetic Field, Higgs Field etc. Who constantly exchange energy among themselves.
But how do we exchange energy to this? Let us understand this by an example. Let's assume that there are two electrons that are in excited states, if we take these two electrons close to each other, then they will repel each other through electromagnetic field. In this, each electron gives light mild shocks to the electromagnetic field, due to which the shocks reappear to the other electron, after which it again shakes the electro magnetic field, so that the cycle continues goes on.
But how often does this cycle occur? How do we find out? For this, we have to get the help of Perturabation theory. In this we first mathmatically add different interactions and some later interactions, which gives us virtual particles. Let understand this with our electron example.
We can see that whenever the electron is interacting with the electromagnetic field, it is transferring energy, momentum and single packet of photon, which we call a virtual photon. Similarly, these interactions are very often and are different in different fields and in each interaction it transfer a particle - virtual particle. These states of interactions are called intermediate state or virtual state.
But in reality such states don't exist. And virtual particles never exist individually but how can we say that. For this we have a theory of Feynman diagram. Richard Feynman made a diagram in which he told that which intermediate state we can consider, during the interaction of a particle and which can be ignored. Whatever particles enter in this diagram and leave it, they are real particles. But those particles that begin in the same diagram and finishes within the diagram, we call it virtual particle.
We think that virtual particles travel only in space and not only that but they do have some properties, even if they are different from real particles like they can have any value of mass, it can travel with the speed of light or even faster and it can also go back in time. This happens to them because they do not physically exist. In the first example, we saw that electron were repelling each other, by transferring virtual photon between them. But what would happen if there were attractive forces between them. Meaning if there is an electron and the other positron, then how can it come closer to each other by transferring virtual photon between them?
Let understand it from a diagram in which the electron is sending one single photon into positron. We will have to consider every single virtual photon that emits the electron and is absorbing positron. Some photons that are coming from positron are not able to go into the electron and cross it and some virtual photon is not moving in direction of electron and going in its opposite direction, due to which attractive force is being generated between them. But how are these photon journeying between these particles? Actually they are not traveling anymore. These virtual particles exist everywhere for trillionth of trillionth of a second, which store quantum energy in itself, which release energy on each and every vibration in the quantum field.
You must have heard that many particles and antiparticle came into existence in each and every second, which are called vaccum fluctuation or zero point energy, I have already made a video on it, if you want to watch it then click on the i card. It does not happen with virtual particles that they come into existence and go again, but what if someone interact with them? This will give us Hawking radiation, in which Stephen Hawking first took the help of virtual particles to explain his theory.
In which he had said that the event horizon of the black hole separates the antiparticle and the virtual particle so that the particles move in some different reality, so guys that's all for today topic.
Narrated by: Prashant Banerjee
Edited by: Prashant Banerjee
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