What Aperture Should I Use? (part 9)
For a complete aperture tutorial, visit https://davidmolnar.com/aperture. You’ll get helpful videos, infographics, written descriptions, cheat sheets and more!
So what aperture should you choose? It depends on your subject. Here are some suggestions to get you started.
Regardless of what aperture you choose, when shooting a portrait, your subject’s eyes should be in focus or your image will look ‘off.’ If your subject is turned so one eye is closer to the camera than the other one, make sure that the front eye is in focus.
When you’re shooting a portrait of a single person, a good starting point is an aperture of f2.8. If your image isn’t crisp enough for your tastes, then close down your aperture to f4.0.
A starting aperture for an image featuring two persons should be f4.0 - f5.6. Try to make sure both subjects’ eyes are in focus, especially if they aren’t standing or sitting the same distance away from the camera. If you want the focus of the image to be more on one person than the other (say a bride in a photo of a bride and groom) then make sure that person’s eyes are in focus, even if the other subject is not.
For group photos of 8-10 people in two rows, the front row will often look crisper as they are closer to the camera. Try a focal length of f8-11 with a group this size.
For larger groups with multiple rows of people, I suggest starting at a focal length of f-16. You may even need to increase this to f-22 for a very large group.
Typically in a landscape photo, you want the entire scene from foreground to background to be crisp and in focus. Start with a focal length of f16 - f22. As well, when you use a closed down aperture like f16 or f22, it takes longer to create the exposure and thus allows motion to show in your image. This is ideal for capturing seascapes and waterfalls.
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