What causes thunder and lightning? - explained simply and clearly
What causes thunder and lightning? In this video I would like to explain to you in a simplified way how thunder and lightning occur. The weather situation is decisive for the development of a thunderstorm. The temperature of the air decreases with increasing altitude. At some point the invisible water vapor condenses into small water drops. A cloud forms. However, that's not enough for a thunderstorm. Storm clouds are very high. Some ice crystals combine and grow into larger hailstones. The hailstones have as many positive as negative charges. At some point these hailstones are so heavy that they can no longer be held up by the updraft. They fall down. On the way down, the hailstones collide with small ice crystals that move upwards. During the collisions, negatively charged electrons are transferred from the small ice crystals to the hailstones. As a result, the hailstones are now negatively charged and the small ice crystals are positively charged. This process happens many, many times, so that positively charged ice crystals accumulate in the cloud above and negatively charged hailstones in the cloud below. This creates a large difference in charge. Nature doesn't like excessive imbalances and the negative charges are now looking for a way to neutralize themselves with positive charges. This now creates lightning. Most lightning occurs within a cloud. Let's take a look at lightning going towards earth. The negative charges at the lower end of the cloud push electrons down in a tree, for example, as charges of the same name repel each other. The tree, which is now positively charged, now attracts the excess electrons from the cloud. Some electrons are now flowing through the air towards the tree. As a result, the air is heated extremely strongly at this point, so that it glows. The lightning occurs. Due to the rapid rise in air temperature, the air also expands extremely quickly. This creates a pressure wave that reaches our ears and that we perceive as a loud bang.
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