Anaphylaxis - Definition, Mechanism, Symptoms, Evaluation, Diagnosis, Treatment
Anaphylaxis is an acute, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that affects thousands of people resulting in more than 1,500 deaths each year. It is critically important to identify and treat it early and aggressively. The definitive treatment is intramuscular epinephrine with adjunct treatments that can include steroids, histamine blockers like diphenhydramine, bronchodilators like albuterol, vasopressors, fluids, and more.
Signs and symptoms include skin or mucosal involvement, like urticaria or hives, swelling of the lips, tongue, or throat. Respiratory involvement that can result in shortness of breath, wheezing, trouble breathing, stridor, hypoxia or low oxygen levels. Cardiovascular involvement that can result in hypotension or low blood pressure, passing out or syncope, and more. Gastrointestinal symptoms like abdominal pain and vomiting.
It is considered a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that is IgE mediated and involves primarily mast cells. These mast cells are activated after re-exposure to an allergic antigen and degranulate, secreting multiple inflammatory mediators like histamine, tryptase, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. We explain this mechanism clearly.
We cover the specific diagnostic criteria and discuss management, including airway, breathing, circulation followed by epinephrine and adjunctive therapies like steroids, histamine blockers, bronchodilators, fluids, and more.
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DISCLAIMER THIS VIDEO DOES NOT PROVIDE MEDICAL ADVICE. The information, including but not limited to, text, graphics, images and other material contained on this website are for informational purposes only. No material on this site is intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health care provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition or treatment and before undertaking a new health care regimen, and never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read, watched, or listened to on this video, or any other videos, reports, texts tweets or other sources.
Sources used:
WHO
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy
https://www.allergy.org.au/hp/papers/...
Stat Pearls
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
#anaphylaxis #allergy #epipen #medicaleducation
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