Physics of Sound: How Do Loudspeakers Really Work?
A loudspeaker works by converting electrical signals into sound waves through the principles of electromagnetism and vibration. Inside the loudspeaker, an electric current passes through a coil of wire positioned within a magnetic field created by a permanent magnet.
When the electrical signal flows through the coil, it generates a magnetic field that interacts with the permanent magnet, causing the coil to move back and forth. This movement drives a diaphragm, usually a cone-shaped membrane, to vibrate.
The vibrating diaphragm pushes and pulls on the surrounding air, creating pressure waves that we perceive as sound.
The frequency and amplitude of the electrical signal determine the pitch and volume of the sound produced, allowing the loudspeaker to accurately reproduce a wide range of sounds from music to speech.
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