Study questions for biology HESI entrance exam
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,Question
List the hierarchic system of organization
The hierarchic system of organization is most inclusive (broadest) as _____ and as least as _____.
Darwin introduced evolution in ______
Darwin proposed that current species arose from a process called "____________"
What substance makes life possible?
__________ of a molecule is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 gram of that molecule by 1 degree Celsius.
Water has a ______ specific heat value
______ is the ability of a molecule to stay bonded or attracted to another molecule of the same substance.
________ is the ability of water to bond to or attract other molecules or substances.
What are the 4 most important molecules that are significant in biology?
______ are long chains, or polymers of sugars. These have main purposes as storage, structure and energy.
______ are also known as fats or fatty acids, phospholipids and steroids.
________ are lipids that are categorized as saturated or unsaturated.
_______ fats contain no double bonds in their hydrogen tail.
_____ fats are solid at room temperature and ____ are liquid.
Fats that are generally considered detrimental to health
_______ is the fatty acid associated with membranes and are precursors to hormones.
______ are the most significant contributor to cellular function.
Proteins are polymers of 20 ________.
______ are the larges biological molecules.
_______ are types of proteins that act to catalyze different reactions or processes.
The sum of all chemical reactions in an organism.
The fundamental unit of biology
The 2 types of cells
Components of cells
Cells that have no defined nucleus and a series of organelles that carry out the functions of the cell.
Cells that have a membrane-enclosed nucleus and organelles that carry out the functions of the cell. More complex cell type
The first of the organelles which holds the DNA of the cell in masses called chromosomes
_______ contain all material for the regeneration of the cell.
______ are organelles that read RNA produced in the nucleus
Cells with a _____ rate of protein synthesis have a _____ number of ribosomes.
Bound ribosomes are found on _______ and free ribosomes are found in ______.
ER covered with ribosomes that is responsible for protein synthesis and membrane production
ER that functions in detoxification and metabolism of multiple molecules
The packaging, processing and shipping organelle that functions to transport materials from the ER throughout the cell.
Where intracellular digestion takes place
______ can hydrolyze proteins, fats, sugars and nucleic acids
_________ are membrane-enclosed structures that have various functions depending of cell type.
What are the 2 distinct organelles that produce cell energy?
_______ are found in most eukaryotic cells and are the site of cell respiration.
_____ are found in plants and are the site of photosynthesis
______ is the most important component of a cell and it contributes protection, communication and the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
C6H1206 + 602 ---- 6C02 + 6H20 is the balanced equation for ________.
_____ is the molecule that is used as the currency of the cell.
______ acts as a reducing agent and is the vehicle of stored energy.
The first step of cellular respiration; this step is the conversion of glucose to pyruvate.
Glycolysis takes place in the _______ of a cell & produces 2 molecules each of: ATP, pyruvate & NADH
The reaction that takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria and for every 1 glucose molecule consumed, 2 ATP molecules, 6 CO2 molecules and 6 NADH molecules are produced.
This occurs int he 3rd step of cellular respiration. it is when oxidation of NADH molecules produce oxygen and finally produce water.
In the election transport chain, for every ____ molecule, 28-32 ____ molecules can be produced.
The chemical process that concerts CO2 into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight.
6CO2 + 6H2O + Light energy ---- C6H1206 + 6O2 is the equation for _________, which is the opposite of cellular respiration.
The 2 stages of photosynthesis
The _______ stage of photosynthesis converts solar energy into chemical energy
The 2 categories of cellular respiration
What are 2 types of asexual reproduction?
This type of asexual reproduction involves bacterial cells
What happens in binary fission?
The type of asexual reproduction that occurs in 5 stages
5 stages of mitosis
Stage of mitosis where the chromosomes are visibly separate, and each duplicated chromosome has 2 noticeable sister chromatids
The phase of mitosis when the nuclear envelope begins to disappear and the chromosomes begin to attach tot he spindle that is forming along the axis of the cell
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