PYTHON Astropy Tutorial | Edit/Update/ Delete FITS Header| Astronomical Data Analysis | DESI ASTRO
What is a FITS Header?
A FITS header is a section in a FITS file that contains metadata about the data stored in the file. This metadata includes information such as the date of observation, telescope or instrument used, data acquisition settings, and other relevant details.
Why Update a FITS Header?
You might need to update a FITS header to correct errors, add missing information, or update the file with new observations or processing details.
Process of Updating a FITS Header:
Access the FITS File: You first need to access the FITS file and open it in a way that allows for modification.
Locate the Header: The header is associated with specific data segments called HDUs (Header Data Units). Each HDU has its own header, and you must identify the correct one to modify.
Make Changes: You can modify existing entries (like changing a date or observer's name) or add new ones (like adding a comment or a new observation detail).
Save and Close: After making the changes, save the file to ensure the updated header is written into the FITS file.
This process is essential in astrophysics and observational astronomy for maintaining accurate records and ensuring the data is well-documented.
FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) cards are a way to store metadata in FITS files, which are a standard format for storing and exchanging astronomical data.
FITS cards are keyword-value pairs that provide additional information about the data contained in the FITS file. They are used to describe the data, such as its format, units, and calibration, as well as to store other relevant metadata like observation details, instrument settings, and processing history.
Each FITS card consists of:
1. Keyword: a unique string identifier (up to 8 characters)
2. Value: the associated value (can be a string, integer, or floating-point number)
3. Comment: an optional comment field (up to 47 characters)
FITS cards are stored in the header of the FITS file and can be accessed using various software tools and libraries, such as PyFITS, Astropy, or DS9.
Some common examples of FITS cards include:
TELESCOP: the name of the telescope used to collect the data
INSTRUME: the name of the instrument used to collect the data
FILTER: the filter used to collect the data
EXPTIME: the exposure time of the observation
CRVAL1: the value of the first coordinate (e.g., RA or wavelength)
FITS cards provide a standardized way to store and exchange metadata, making it easier to work with and analyze astronomical data
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Chapter TimeStamps:
00:00:00 Introduction to FITS Header Manipulation
00:01:45 Reading a FITS File
00:02:29 Extraction Header Information
00:04:48 Edit/Update/Delete FITS Header Information
00:18:25 Summary of the Code
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A FITS (Flexible Image Transport System) file is a digital file format widely used in astronomy for storing, transmitting, and analyzing scientific data. It is particularly well-suited for handling large and complex datasets, such as images, spectra, and multi-dimensional arrays. Here's an overview of what a FITS file is and its key features:
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The header of a FITS file is a critical component that provides detailed information about the data. It includes mandatory keywords, such as BITPIX (which specifies the data type), NAXIS (which indicates the number of dimensions), and DATE (the date of observation). Custom keywords can also be added to store instrument-specific or observational details.
File Structure:
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