ASWN/14/Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy, IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, Slotted CSMA-CA Protocol
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Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
*Network Architecture & Types/Roles of Nodes
*Super frame
*Structure GTS Management
*Data Transfer
*Slotted CSMA-CA Protocol
Limitations of LEACH
LEACH would not be able to cover large geographical areas of some square miles or more, because a cluster head two miles away from the sink likely does not have enough energy to reach the sink at all, not to mention achieving a low BER.
If it can be arranged that a cluster head can use other cluster heads for forwarding, this limitation can be mitigated.
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) released the 802.15.4 MAC standard for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) equipped with a duty cycle mechanism where the size of active and inactive parts can be adjustable during the PAN formation.
GTS Management
The coordinator allocates GTS to devices only when the latter send appropriate request packets during the Contention Access Period (CAP). One flag in the request indicates whether the requested time slot is a transmit slot or a receive slot.
In a transmit slot, the device transmits packets to the coordinator and in a receive slot the data flows in the reverse direction. Another field in the request specifies the desired number of contiguous time slots in the GTS phase.
Slotted CSMA-CA Protocol
When nodes have to send data or management/control packets during the CAP, they use a slotted CSMA protocol. The protocol contains no provisions against hidden- terminal situations.
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