Why JSON lost to Google Protocol Buffers? How MicroServices Communicate Efficiently Together?
In this video, we understand how is response data encoded during inter-network communications and also how is it stored on disk?
Sets, Maps, Arrays - they are in-memory data structures. But how can we store them on disks? Python uses in-built pickle module to encode (serialize) data to store them onto disks. But can it be read by a Java client?
Things would have been easy if we used JSON to encode data and store on disks. So why use Pickle?
Actually, we rely on other binary encodings like Google Protobuf, Facebook Thrift for doing this encoding and decoding.
We can serialize the data into protobuf in Python and then parse and read it from a C++ client - no issues!
Plus, we save on the amount of bytes needed to store the data. For a JSON taking 83 bytes on disk, protobuf may need only 33 bytes! Smaller sizes also result in faster inter-server communications. Thus, when a microservice talks to microservice, its common to encode response into protobuf which is then parsed by the reader.
The other benefit with Protobuf is it supports forward and backward compatibility - you can extend and add new keys to your data and old code can work with new data (forward) while new code can work with old data (backward).
One thing to note is Protobuf works well with messages which are few megabytes in size.
References
DDIA Book: https://amzn.to/3B6TJcm
System Design Playlist: https://bit.ly/system-design-course
Google Protobuf: https://developers.google.com/protoco...
Blog1: https://auth0.com/blog/beating-json-p...
Blog2: https://betterprogramming.pub/use-bin...
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Chapters
00:00 Preview of Google Protobuffers Beating JSON
00:15 Sponsor
00:50 Introduction
1:12 How are Arrays, Sets, Maps Stored on Disk?
1:49 Encoding and Decoding in the Web HTTP Requests
2:36 Encoding Algorithm should support Decoding Algorithm
3:05 Approach A - Encode Everything to JSON!
3:38 Approach B - Binary Encodings Beat JSON for TerraBytes of Data
4:41 File Encoding Should Support Forward and Backward Compatibility
6:50 Where to use JSON?
7:03 MicroService to MicroService - Binary Encodings Are Better
8:10 Demo Comparing JSON Encoding with Google Protobuf
10:09 Comparison of HTTP Response Times - JSON vs Google Protobuf
12:12 How Exactly Google Protobuf is more efficient than JSON encodings?
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