global scope and local scope in python
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understanding global scope and local scope in python
in python, variable scope refers to the accessibility and visibility of variables within different parts of your code. there are two main types of scope in python: global scope and local scope. understanding these scopes is crucial for writing clean, efficient, and bug-free code.
global scope:
variables declared outside of any function or class have a global scope. these variables can be accessed from anywhere within the code, including inside functions and classes. global variables are declared at the module level and are visible throughout the entire module.
local scope:
variables declared within a function or a class have a local scope. these variables can only be accessed within the block of code where they are defined. once the function or method completes execution, the local variables are destroyed, and their values are no longer accessible.
now, let's dive into some code examples to better understand global and local scope in python:
example 1: global scope
output:
in this example, global_var is declared outside the function my_function(). it can be accessed from within the function and outside it as well.
example 2: local scope
output:
in this example, local_var is declared inside the function my_function(), making it accessible only within that function. attempting to access it outside the function results in a nameerror because the variable is not defined in the global scope.
conclusion:
understanding variable scope in python is crucial for writing efficient and maintainable code. by properly managing global and local scopes, you can avoid naming conflicts, improve code readability, and minimize bugs in your programs. remember to use global variables judiciously and prefer local variables whenever possible to encapsulate functionality and promote code reusability.
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