GPAT CRACKER PYROGEN TESTING
Pyrogens are products of metabolism of microorganisms.
Most bacterial and many molds of viruses have been found to be producing pyrogens.
Gram negative bacteria produce the most potent pyrogenic substances called as “endotoxins”.
Chemically Pyrogens are lipid substances associated usually with a carrier molecule mostly a lipopolysaccharide but some times even a peptide.
The water used for parenteral and irrigating solutions should be free from pyrogens.
Pyrogen tests
Rabbit pyrogen test
Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL)/ Bacterial Endotoxin test(BET)
The presence of pyrogenic substances in parenteral preparations is determined by qualitative biological test based on fever response in rabbits.
The test involves measuring the rise in temperature of rabbits following the intravenous injection of a test solution
Recently an in-vitro test method has been developed for pyrogen testing.
This test utilizes the gelling property of the lysate of the amebocytes of Limulus polyphemus (the horseshoe crab).
in the presence of pyrogenic endotoxins from gram- negative bacteria, a firm gel is formed within 60mins when incubated at 37 0C
Only the endotoxins produced from gram-negative bacteria react in this way but they are responsible for the production majority and most potent pyrogens
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