Cascading Style Sheet (CSS)
Cascading Style Sheets, or CSS, is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document written in HTML or XML. CSS defines how elements should be displayed on a web page, including their layout, colors, fonts, spacing, and other visual aspects. By separating the content and structure of a web page from its presentation, CSS allows for greater flexibility and maintainability in web design.
Key Concepts in CSS:
Selectors:
Selectors are patterns that match HTML elements based on their type, class, ID, attributes, or relationships with other elements.
Examples:
Type selector: p (selects all p elements)
Class selector: .classname (selects all elements with a specific class)
ID selector: #id (selects a specific element with a unique ID)
Properties:
Properties are the visual or stylistic characteristics applied to selected elements.
Examples:
color: Specifies the text color.
font-size: Sets the size of the font.
margin: Defines the space outside an element.
padding: Sets the space inside an element.
Values:
Values are assigned to properties to define the specific style or behavior of an element.
Examples:
color: red;
font-size: 16px;
margin: 10px;
padding: 5px 10px;
Declaration Blocks:
A set of CSS rules enclosed in curly braces {} is called a declaration block.
Example:
External, Internal, and Inline CSS:
External CSS: CSS is placed in a separate file and linked to HTML documents. This is recommended for maintaining consistency across multiple pages.
Internal CSS: CSS is included within the HTML document using the style tag in the document's head.
Inline CSS: CSS is applied directly to individual HTML elements using the style attribute.
Box Model:
The CSS box model describes the layout and spacing of elements on a web page.
It includes the content, padding, border, and margin of an element.
Example CSS Code:
CSS Frameworks:
CSS frameworks, such as Bootstrap and Foundation, provide pre-designed styles and components to streamline the process of building responsive and aesthetically pleasing web pages. These frameworks often come with a grid system, responsive utilities, and pre-defined styles for common UI elements.
In summary, CSS is a powerful tool for web designers and developers to control the visual presentation of web pages and create a consistent and appealing user interface.
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