The S-400 Triumph (Russian: C-400 Триумф, Triumph; NATO reporting name SA-21 Growler), previously known as the S-300PMU-3, is an anti-aircraft weapon system developed in the 1990s by Russia's Almaz Central Design Bureau as an upgrade of the S-300 family. It has been in service with the Russian Armed Forces since 2007. In 2017, the S-400 was described by The Economist as "one of the best air-defence systems currently made". According to Siemon Wezeman Senior Researcher of SIPRI, the S-400 "is among the most advanced air defense systems available." Because of its capabilities, several countries, including China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, India, and Qatar, have expressed their appreciation for the S-400 system. China was the first foreign buyer to seal a government-to-government deal with Russia in 2014.
Development
The development of the S-400 system began in the late 1980s, and the system was announced by the Russian Air Force in January 1993. On 12 February 1999, the first reportedly-successful tests were performed at Kapustin Yar in Astrakhan, and the S-400 was scheduled for deployment by the Russian army in 2001.
In 2003 it became apparent that the system was not ready for deployment. In August, two high-ranking military officials expressed concern that the S-400 was being tested with "obsolete" interceptors from the S-300P system and concluded that it was not ready for deployment. The completion of the project was announced in February 2004, and in April a ballistic missile was successfully intercepted in a test of the upgraded 48N6DM missile. In 2007, the system was approved for service. Russia has accepted for service the 40N6 long-range missile for the S-400 air defence system, a source in the domestic defense industry told TASS news agency in October 2018.
S-400 Triumph and Pantsir missile system can be integrated into a two-layer defence system
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