python calculator without eval
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title: building a python calculator without using eval()
introduction:
in this tutorial, we'll create a simple python calculator without using the eval() function. using eval() can be risky as it evaluates arbitrary expressions, potentially exposing your application to security vulnerabilities. instead, we'll build a calculator that parses and evaluates basic arithmetic operations while ensuring safety.
step 1: setting up the project
create a new python file for your calculator. you can use any text editor or integrated development environment (ide) of your choice.
step 2: user input and parsing
let's start by getting user input for a mathematical expression and parsing it into individual components. we'll use regular expressions for parsing.
this code defines a function parse_expression that takes a mathematical expression as input and returns a list of tokens (numbers and operators).
step 3: evaluating the expression
now, let's create a function to evaluate the parsed expression. we'll use a simple stack-based algorithm for this.
this code defines a function evaluate_expression that takes the parsed tokens and evaluates the expression using a stack.
step 4: putting it all together
now, let's combine the parsing and evaluation steps in a simple calculator loop.
this loop continuously prompts the user for input, parses the expression, evaluates it, and prints the result. type 'exit' to end the calculator.
conclusion:
congratulations! you've created a basic python calculator without using eval(). this tutorial provides a foundation that can be extended to handle more complex mathematical expressions and additional features. always remember to handle user input with caution to ensure the security of your application.
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