Industries in India - Part 01 - Types of Industries
Industries of India – Part 1
Primary Industries
This industry Uses natural raw material as its final product.
For Examples Hunting, pastoral activities, fishing, forestry, agriculture etc.
Secondary Industries
It Makes complex products using the material obtained from primary industry for example :
Steel → Automobiles, Railway engines
Wooden Pulp → Rayon
Secondary Industry can be sub classified into
Heavy Industries
Light industries
Tertiary Industries
It is not a branch of manufacturing sector but sells the product of primary and secondary industries via transport, trading, wholesale & retailing
Basically it includes Service providers.
For ex : tourism, education, entertainment, advertisements, consultancy, Administration, healthcare etc.
Various Factors responsible for the location of industries
Availability of Raw Material
Power Resources
Availability of water
Labour
Transportation
Availability of Market
Capital
Government Policies
Indian Industries
The agro based industries totally contribute approx. 17.32% to Indian GDP
Cottage Industries
It provides jobs to large segment of population and it can be started with low investment
Helps to earn additional income for rural people
Use local raw material ensures Optimum utilization of national resources
Generate seasonal as well as perennial employment for Labour
Play significant role in our national economy
Timber industry
Near raw material Dependent on bamboo, softwood
E.g. South Gujarat, Odisha, MP
Near market Kolkata → Raw material brought from North Eastern States, cheap labor, coal, water available
Lucknow → Depend on bagasse (from sugar mills rags) wheat bran & Sabai grass brought from Tarai region
Cotton and Textile Industry
Cotton as a raw material is lightweight & non-perishable
Cotton changed to yarn/textile Hardly incurs any weight loss
Therefore, proximity to raw material site is not essential
factors become more important in industrial location viz.
nearness to market
nearness to water body (for dyeing, bleaching)
Energy to run power looms and textile machines
cheap Labour supply & availability of capital/finance
In dry climate, the cotton-threads will break quickly during spinning. So, cotton textiles were setup near coastal areas.
Major Cotton Industry location in India is in Mumbai, Ahmadabad and Coimbatore.
Silk Industry
India has vast Labour & market to match silk farming
India grows all important varieties of silk viz. Mulberry, Tasar, Oak Tasar, Eri and Muga
Mulberry silk → Mainly in Southern states (Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh) + WB + J & K
Non Mulberry → Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Odisha + North East
Jute Industry West Bengal (India)
Raw material 90% of Jute is cultivated in the Kolkata hinterland
Jute is the only crop that can withstand flooding of this region
Water Jute processing require large quantity of water for washing, bleaching & retting
Easily available from Hubly river
Labour Jute-processing is Labour intensive
Cheap Labour available from Bihar, Odisha, W Bengal
Sugar Industry
Nature of Raw material
Sugar mills are located near sugar growing areas, because of two factors
Perishable → Sugarcane contains sucrose & once you cut the sugarcane, the sucrose content starts to decline. Hence raw material must be quickly transported.
Weight loss → Sugar accounts for only ~10% of the bulky sugarcane and therefore it is prohibitively expensive to transport sugarcane over long-distance in its original form.
Tea plantation Industry
Labour availability
Weeding, manure, pruning and plucking → tedious job + need skill + patience
Cheap Labour force is essential
Since tea has to be grown in hill slopes, mechanization is not possible
Even while drying, rolling, fermentation, grading and packaging of tea, skilled manpower needed
Therefore, tea plantation is done near areas with high population density
Raw material
Tea leaves to tea, involves considerable weight loss
Hence tea processing is done in the estate/plantation itself
Further blending/repacking could be done at break of the bulk location
Climate
Frost damages the leaves & Very long winter retards plant growth hence decreases yield
Topography
Doesn’t like stagnant water
Hence, has to be grown on highland or hill slopes
for e.g. hills of Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri (West Bengal) & Nilgiri (Tamil Nadu)
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