What is Vertical & Horizontal Reservation? लंबवत और क्षैतिज आरक्षण क्या है?
What is Vertical & Horizontal Reservation?
लंबवत और क्षैतिज आरक्षण क्या है?
Vertical Reservation:
Reservation for Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes is referred to as vertical reservation.
It applies separately for each of the groups specified under the law.
Example: Article 16(4) of the Constitution contemplates vertical reservation.
Horizontal Reservation:
It refers to the equal opportunity provided to other categories of beneficiaries such as women, veterans, the transgender community, and individuals with disabilities, cutting through the vertical categories.
Example: Article 15 (3) of the Constitution contemplates horizontal reservation.
Application of Reservations:
The horizontal quota is applied separately to each vertical category, and not across the board.
For example, if women have 50% horizontal quota, then half of the selected candidates will have to necessarily be women in each vertical quota category i.e., half of all selected Scheduled Caste candidates will have to be women, half of the unreserved or general category will have to be women, and so on.
The Case:
Saurav Yadav versus State of Uttar Pradesh 2020 dealt with issues arising from the way different classes of reservation were to be applied in the selection process to fill posts of constables in the state.
The Uttar Pradesh government’s policy was to restrict and contain reserved category candidates to their categories, even when they had secured higher grades.
SC’s Ruling:
The court ruled against the Uttar Pradesh government, holding that if a person belonging to an intersection of vertical-horizontal reserved category had secured scores high enough to qualify without the vertical reservation, the person would be counted as qualifying without the vertical reservation, and cannot be excluded from the horizontal quota in the general category.
The court said Uttar Pradesh Government's argument meant that it was ensuring that the general category was ‘reserved’ for upper castes.
Significance:
The ruling will give clarity on reservation and make it easier for governments to implement and apply reservation.
More needy scheduled caste, scheduled tribes and other backward class candidates will be benefited if high scoring candidates are recruited under general category.
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